Chapter 6 Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

Change in organism’s behavior or thought as a result of experience.

Question 2

Habituation

Answer 2

Responding to a stimulus less strongly over time.

Question 3

Sensitization

Answer 3

Responding to a stimulus more strongly over time.

Question 4

Stimulus

Answer 4

Anything that can be perceived.

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

Automatic reaction to stimulus.

Question 6

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer 6

Does not elicit a particular response (sound of a bell).

Question 7

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer 7

Stimulus that automatically leads to a response (Food).

Question 8

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 8

Automatic response to an UCS (Salivation).

Question 9

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 9

Previously neutral stimulus (sound of bell) that becomes associated with the UCS.

Question 10

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 10

Learned response to the CS (Salivation in response to bell).

Question 11

Operant Conditioning

Answer 11

Procedure for studying how organisms learn about the consequences of their own voluntary actions.

Question 12

Law of effect

Answer 12

If a response is followed by a satisfying consequence, it will be strengthened.

Question 13

Reinforcement

Answer 13

Reinforcements are outcomes that increase the probability of a response.

Question 14

Positive reinforcement

Answer 14

Giving a stimulus.

Question 15

Negative reinforcement

Answer 15

Taking away a stimulus.

Question 16

Punishment

Answer 16

Any outcome that decreases the probability of a response.

Question 17

Positive punishment

Answer 17

Presenting a stimulus.

Question 18

Negative punishment

Answer 18

Removing a stimulus.