Chapter 5 Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our subjective experience of the world and ourselves.

Question 2

The Circadian Rhythm

Answer 2

Our circadian rhythms are cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis.

Question 3

Non-REM Stages (1–4 )

Answer 3

▪ No rapid eye movements

▪ Few dreams

Question 4

Stage 5 (REM) sleep

Answer 4

▪ Vivid dreams

▪ Rapid eye movements (REM)

Question 5

Stage 1

Answer 5

Theta waves

Question 6

Stage 2

Answer 6

Sleep spindles and K-complexes

Question 7

Stages 3 and 4

Answer 7

Delta waves

Question 8

Stage 5

Answer 8

REM sleep

Question 9

Why do we dream?

Answer 9

Processing emotional memories.

Question 10

Freud’s Dream Protection Theory

Answer 10

Freud described dreams as the protectors of sleep.

Question 11

Manifest content

Answer 11

Actual content of dream.

Question 12

Latent content

Answer 12

Symbolic meaning of dream.

Question 13

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 13

Dreams reflect the brain’s attempt to make sense of random and internally generated neural signals during REM.

Question 14

Narcolepsy

Answer 14

The rapid and unexpected onset of sleep.

Question 15

Sleep apnea

Answer 15

Caused by the blockage of the airway during sleep.

Question 16

Night terrors

Answer 16

Are sudden waking episodes.

Question 17

Hallucinations

Answer 17

Realistic perceptual experiences in the absence of external stimuli.

Question 18

Mystical experiences

Answer 18

Involve a sense of unity or oneness with the world.

Question 19

Hypnosis

Answer 19

A set of techniques that provides suggestions for alterations in perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 20

Sociocognitive theory

Answer 20

A person’s approach to hypnosis is learned and based on attitudes, beliefs, and experiences

Question 21

Dissociation theory

Answer 21

A separation between personality functions that are normally well integrated.

Question 22

Psychoactive drug

Answer 22

A substance that contains chemicals similar to those found naturally in the brain that alters consciousness by changing chemical processes in neurons.

Question 23

Tolerance

Answer 23

More of the drug is needed to achieve intoxication.

Question 24

Withdrawal

Answer 24

Physical symptoms when use is stopped or reduced.

Question 25

Physical dependence

Answer 25

Drug is used to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Question 26

Psychological dependence

Answer 26

Drug use is motivated by cravings.

Question 27

Depressants

Answer 27

Drugs that depress the effects of the CNS.

Question 28

Sedative

Answer 28

Drug that exerts a calming effect.

Question 29

Hyptonic

Answer 29

Drug that exerts a sleep-inducing effect.

Question 30

Sedative-hyptonics

Answer 30

Often prescibed to assist with anxiety or insomnia.