Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VCE Psychology 3/4 > Chapter 1 - Research Methods > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Research Methods Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a variable?

A

A quantity or quality that can vary according to time and place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Independent Variable (IV)

A

Variable that is deliberately manipulated to see the EFFECT it has on DV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dependent Variable (DV)

A

Variable that is measured to see if IV has caused change in this variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

Variable other than IV that causes change in the value of the DV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cofounding Variable

A

Variable that has a SYSTEMATIC EFFECT on the value of the DV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Experimenter Effect

A

Actions of experimenter can affect IV and consequently the DV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A

Term used to describe a situation in which participants behave in a manner of which they BELIEVE is expected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Experimenter Bias

A

Unintentional actions that may occur in the collection and treatment of data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Placebo Effect

A

“Participants Effect” or Placebo Effect, where the participants behavioural responses may be influenced by their expectations on how they believe they should behave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Placebo

A

An experimenter will use a procedure or variable so that the participant believes that it is genuine (thus they usually report it works).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Double-Blind Procedure

A

Neither the experimenter nor the participants know whether they are in the control or experimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Single-Blind Procedure

A

Either experimenter OR participants (generally participant) know whether they are in the control or experimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothesis

A

It was hypothesised that POPULATION who IV would show DIRECTION in DV compared to CONTROL GROUP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Operationalised Hypothesis

A

The IV is Violent Games operationalised by playing GTA for 1HR.

The DV is levels of aggression operationalised by no. of physically aggressive acts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sampling Methods - Convenience

A
  • Sample is biased.
  • Unreliable.
  • Quick, easy, cheap and convenient!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sampling Methods - Random

A
  • Each member of population has EQUAL chance of being choosen.
  • Gives representative sample.
  • Difficult to achieve with large populations.
17
Q

Sampling Methods - Stratified

A

Dividing population into distinctive sub-groups, then selecting a separate sample from each sub-group in the same proportions as they occur in the population

18
Q

Sampling Methods - Random Stratified

A

Same as stratified, except, participants are selected RANDOMLY

19
Q

Experimental Design - Repeated Measures

A

SAMPLE ⇒ CONTROL ⇒ EXPERIMENTAL

  • ADVANTAGES:
    • Eliminates participant differences
    • Fewer participants needed
  • DISADVANTAGES:
    • Dropouts
    • Order/boredom/practice effect
20
Q

Experimental Design - Matched Participants

A

SAMPLE ⇒ PRE-TEST ⇒ CONTROL or EXPERIMETAL

21
Q

Experimental Design - Independent Groups

A

Sample randomly allocated

  • ADVANTAGES:
    • quick and easy
    • cost effective
    • few dropouts
  • DISADVANTAGES:
    • doesn’t control individual participant differences
22
Q

Descriptive Statistics

A

Describe the data (cannot draw conclusions)

23
Q

Inferential Statistics

A

P Value (P<0.05)

24
Q

Ethical Principals

A
  • Do no harm: psychological or physical
  • Justice: all participants to be treated fairly and equally
  • Beneficence: balance between discomfort and knowledge gained
  • Deception: minimal deception and must be debriefed at the end
  • Informed Consent: must inform participants of the nature of the research
  • Ethics Committee: adhere to ethical guidelines and approved by an ethics comittee.
25
Q

Conclusions

A

Whether or not the hypothesis can be supported based on the p-value. P value MUST BE statistically significant (P<0.05)

26
Q

Generalisations

A

Based on sampling procedures. P value MUST BE statistically significant (P<0.05).

Can only generalise results if sample is representative of population:

  • Random Sample
  • Stratified Random Sample
  • Stratified Sample
27
Q

ERA - Title Page

A
  • Name of Experiment
  • Date
  • Student Name
28
Q

ERA - Abstract (100-150 Words)

A
  • Aim/Purpose
  • Main Elements of Method
  • Brief Statement of Results
  • Conclusion
29
Q

ERA - Introduction (150-200 Words)

A
  • Broad opening statement
  • Outline relevant background information
  • Define Key terms (link to theory/other key terms)
  • Summarise past research
  • Aim (what is it you’re investigating)
  • Hypothesis
  • Operationalized IV
  • Operationalized DV
  • List potential confounding variables
30
Q

ERA - Method (150-200 Words)

A
  • Participants
    • Total Number
    • Number of males/females
    • age range
    • any other relevant characteristics
    • how they were selected
  • Materials
    • List of equipment used
  • Procedure
    • Step-by-step description
    • Experimental design
    • allocation procedure
    • ethical considerations
31
Q

ERA - Results (150-200 Words)

A
  • Correctly labelled tables & graphs
  • Statistical analysis
  • Describe results (do not mention hypothesis)
32
Q

ERA - Discussion (200-250 Words)

A
  • Restate Hypothesis
  • Did your results support hypothesis? (Why/why not)
  • Do your results support previous research? (must of been mentioned in the introduction)
  • Evaluate study/limitations
  • Ethical issues
  • Conclusion
  • Generalistation
33
Q

ERA - References

A
  • Havard Referencing
34
Q

ERA - Appendices

A
  • Attach relevant support material
    • stimuli
    • questionnaires
    • additional calculations

VCE Psychology 3/4 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions