Chapter 13 - Classical Conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

Classical Conditioning Definition

A

Classical Conditioning is a form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a reflexive response by repeated association with a stimulus that automatically elicits the reflex response.

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2
Q

Neutral Stimulus (NS) Definition

A

A stimulus that initially elicits no response

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3
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Definition

A

A stimulus that consistently produces a particular, naturally occurring automatic response or reflex

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4
Q

Unconditioned Response (UCR) Definition

A

The response that occurs automatically when the UCS is presented

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5
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Definition

A

An initially neutral stimulus that does not normally produce the UCR

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6
Q

Conditioned Response (CR) Definition

A

A learned response produced by the CS

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7
Q

Extinction Definition

A

Is the gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a CR that occurs when the UCS is no longer present

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8
Q

Spontaneous Recovery Definition

A

Is the reappearance of a CR when the CS is presented, following a rest period

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9
Q

Stimulus Generalisation Definition

A

Is the tendency for another similar stimulus to produce a response that is similar to the CR

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10
Q

Stimulus Discrimination Definition

A

Occurs when a person or animal responds to the CS only, but not to any other stimulus that is is similar to the CS

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11
Q

Coca-Cola Example

A
  • UCS: good looking people, fun sexy, happiness
  • UCR: feeling good, desire to be like this
  • NS: Coke
  • CS: Coke
  • CR: Feeling good about coke/desire to buy coke
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12
Q

Graduated Exposure Definition

A

A person is taught relaxation techniques followed by the gradual exposure to the feared object or animal over several sessions

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13
Q

Flooding Definition

A

Uses actual exposure to the feared stimulus at a level greater than usual - the patient is then calmed down through relaxation techniques

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14
Q

Aversion Therapy

A

Where a person with an unwanted behaviour learns to associate the unwanted behaviour with an unpleasant event

(e.g. used with alcohol/smoking/biting nails)

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15
Q

Trail and Error Learning Definition

A

Learning by trying alternative possibilities until the desired outcome is achieved.

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16
Q

Trial and Error Learning Laws - EFFECT (1)

A

1. Law of Effect: states that behaviour becomes controlled by its consequences (if it feels good, we do it again; if it feels bad we don’t)

17
Q

Trial and Error Learning Laws - RECENCY (2)

A

2. Law of Recency: states that the most recent response is the one with the greatest effect

18
Q

Trial and Error Learning Laws - EXERCISE (3)

A

3. Law of Exercise: states that stimulus-response connections are strengthened through repetition and weakened when there is no repetition