chapter 10

Question 1

the ability to use one’s mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience

Answer 1

intelligence

Question 2

a metric obtained by dividing a child’s metal age by the child’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100

Answer 2

ratio IQ

Question 3

a metric obtained by dividing an adult’s test score by the average’s adult’s test score and then multiplying the quotient by 100

Answer 3

deviation IQ

Question 4

Spearman’s theory suggesting that a person’s performance on a test is due to a combination of general cognitive ability and specific abilities that are unique to the test

Answer 4

two-factor theory of intelligence

Question 5

the ability to apply knowledge that was acquired through experience

Answer 5

crystallized intelligence

Question 6

the ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning

Answer 6

emotional intelligence

Question 6

the ability to solve and reason about novel problems

Answer 6

fluid intelligence

Question 7

siblings who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm

Answer 7

fraternal (dizygotic) twins

Question 8

a statistic (commonly denoted as h^2) that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s IQ scores that can be explained by differences in their genes

Answer 8

heritability coefficient

Question 9

siblings who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm

Answer 9

identical (monozygotic) twins

Question 10

features of the environment that are experienced by all relevant members of a household

Answer 10

shared environment

Question 11

features of the environment that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household

Answer 11

nonshared environment

Question 12

the anxiety associated with the possibility of confirming other people’s stereotypes about one’s group

Answer 12

stereotype threat

Question 13

drugs that improve the psychological processes that underlie intelligent performance

Answer 13

cognitive enhancers

Question 14

Terman updated Binet and Simon original test

Answer 14

Stanford-Binet intelligence scale

Question 15

most widely used intelligence tests; measures intelligence by asking people to answer questions and solve problems

Answer 15

Wechsler Scale for Children; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 16

sought to discover if there was a hierarchy of abilities

Answer 16

Charles Spearman

Question 17

felt the clustering of correlations disproved g

Answer 17

Louis Thurstone

Question 18

connects intelligence test performance to clusters

Answer 18

data-based approach

Question 19

broadly surveys human abilities and then determines which intelligence tests measure (or fail to meaure)

Answer 19

theory-based approach

Question 20

ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences

Answer 20

fluid intelligence

Question 21

ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience

Answer 21

crystallized intelligence

Question 22

problem solving intelligence

Answer 22

analytic intelligence

Question 23

novel solutions intelligence

Answer 23

creative intelligence

Question 24

everyday intelligence

Answer 24

practical intelligence

Question 25

suggested that people are born with innate aptitudes that make them good rulers, good soldiers, or good tradesmen

Answer 25

Plato

Question 26

conducted some of the first genealogical studies of intelligence in eminent families and argued intelligence is inherited

Answer 26

Sir Francis Galton

Question 27

family members may have similar levels of intelligence because they share genes (they share environments or both)

Answer 27

genetic relatedness

Question 28

examining test scores of people who share genes, environments, both, or neither

Answer 28

research approaches

Question 29

heritability coefficient is ________ as the correlation coefficient

Answer 29

not the same

Question 30

tells how big influence genes have on the differences in a particular group of people's IQ scores

Answer 30

heritability coefficient

Question 31

those environmental factors that all relevant members of a household experience

Answer 31

shared environment

Question 32

those environmental factors that all relevant members of a household do not experience

Answer 32

nonshared environment

Question 33

accidental discovery that the average intelligence test score rises about 0.3% every year

Answer 33

the (James) Flynn effect

Question 34

people who score well above large middle range

Answer 34

intellectually gifted

Question 35

people who score well below the middle range

Answer 35

intellectually disabled

Question 36

may create fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold

Answer 36

stereotype threat

Question 37

brain structure alteration; gene manipulation or editing (CRISPR)

Answer 37

technological enhancements

Question 38

father of eugenics

Answer 38

Sir Francis Galton

Question 39

father of eugenics

Answer 39

Sir Francis Galton