Chapter 10

Question 1

First Gap Phase

Answer 1

• cell grows

- cell performs normal functions

Question 2

Synthesis

Answer 2

-DNA replication

Question 3

Second Gap Phase

Answer 3

• cell grows

- cell prepares to divide

Question 4

Prophase

Answer 4

• 1st phase of mitosis
• spindle fibers form
• nuclear membrane disappears
• chromosomes uncoil into sister chromatids

Question 5

Metaphase

Answer 5

• 2nd phase of mitosis
• spindle fibers attach to centromeres
• sister chromatids line up in middle of cell

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

• 3rd phase of mitosis
• chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell
• sister chromatids are separated

Question 7

Telophase

Answer 7

• 4th phase of mitosis
• spindle fibers disappear
• nuclear membrane forms
• chromatids uncoil

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

• cytoplasm separated

- cell membrane pinches inward

Question 9

process of nuclear division; steps of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Answer 9

mitosis

Question 10

protein around which DNA is wrapped

Answer 10

histone

Question 11

DNA molecule wrapped around histone cores

Answer 11

nucleosome

Question 12

uncoiled form of DNA: present during interphase

Answer 12

chromatin

Question 13

segment of DNA

Answer 13

chromosome

Question 14

thick, coiled strand of DNA: present during mitosis

Answer 14

chromatid

Question 15

connects sister chromatids

Answer 15

centromere

Question 16

sections of DNA that code for RNA and proteins

Answer 16

genes

Question 17

part of cell cycle; cell grows and prepares to divide; consists of G1, S, G2 phases; most of cell’s life

Answer 17

interphase

Question 18

cytoplasm and membrane separate; results in two identical daughter cells

Answer 18

cytokinesis

Question 19

organelle that produces the spindle fibers

Answer 19

centrosome

Question 20

microtubules that attach to and move the chromatids during mitosis

Answer 20

spindle

Question 21

group of severe and potentially fatal diseases that are caused by uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 21

cancer

Question 22

mass of rapidly dividing cancer cells; can invade and destroy nearby tissues

Answer 22

tumor

Question 23

tumor that can spread to other body parts

Answer 23

malignant

Question 24

tumor that remains localized

Answer 24

benign

Question 25

piece of tumor breaks away and spreads to other part(s) of the body

Answer 25

metastasis

Question 26

why do cells divide

Answer 26

to grow more tissue, replaced damaged or dead cells, to keep from getting to big

Question 27

how is DNA packaged in the nucleus

Answer 27

package in different forms (chromatin, chromatids) depending on the phase of the cell cycle

Question 28

how are prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA different

Answer 28

prokaryotic: single loop of DNA eukaryotic: several linear molecules of DNA

Question 29

how do cells prepare for division

Answer 29

DNA is replicated and special structures are formed to help with division

Question 30

how do prokaryotic cells divide

Answer 30

- DNA replicated - Cell membrane pinches between copies of DNA - Cell grows; nearly doubling in size - Cell wall forms and pinches in the middle - Cell separates completely into two cells

Question 31

what factors control cell growth and division

Answer 31

- checkpoints are points in the cell cycle when a feedback signal is required - proper cell size and structures can affect cell growth and division at checkpoints

Question 32

how do feedback signals affect the cell cycle

Answer 32

feedback signals cause the cell cycle to proceed to the next stop or pause

Question 33

checks for appropriate size and structures

Answer 33

G1 checkpoint

Question 34

checks for accurate replication of DNA

Answer 34

G2 checkpoint

Question 35

checks for proper attachments of spindle fibers to centromeres

Answer 35

mitosis checkpoint

Question 36

what ways are there to treat cancer

Answer 36

- surgery - chemotherapy - radiation

Question 37

a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein is a

Answer 37

gene

Question 38

which is a substance consisting of DNA and protein

Answer 38

chromatin

Question 39

uncoiled version of chromosomes

Answer 39

chromatin

Question 40

the repeated sequence of growth and division during the life of a cell is called

Answer 40

the cell cycle

Question 41

the first three phases of the life cycle are called

Answer 41

interphase

Question 42

what is the process during which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei

Answer 42

mitosis

Question 43

the phase of cell division when the cytoplasm is divided is called

Answer 43

cytokinesis

Question 44

during cell division, each single strand of DNA becomes fully condensed in the form of a

Answer 44

chromatid

Question 45

uncoiled

Answer 45

chromatin

Question 46

coiled

Answer 46

chromatid

Question 47

a type of protein found in eukaryotic chromosomes but not prokaryotic is

Answer 47

histone

Question 48

during cell division, sister chromatids are separated at the

Answer 48

centromere

Question 49

which of these is a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis to pull chromatids to opposite ends of a cell

Answer 49

spindle

Question 50

a group of severe and sometimes fatal diseases caused by uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 50

cancer

Question 51

a mass of defective cells that divide rapidly is a

Answer 51

tumor

Question 52

cell growth and division depend on

Answer 52

protein signals and environmental signals

Question 53

mb

Answer 53

nnm