Chapter 34

Question 1

a cell that can develop into many different types of cells

Answer 1

stem cell

Question 2

the basic building blocks of every living organism

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

how are embryonic stem cells different from adult stem cells?

Answer 3

Embryonic stem cells are harvested from eggs that were fertilized in the laboratory and donated for research (human embryo is destroyed to obtain them) and adult stem cells used in research are taken from adult tissue

Question 4

tissue that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

ex: skin and the lining of the respiratory system

Answer 4

Epithelial Tissue

Question 5

tissue of the nervous system, including neurons and their supporting cells
carries information throughout the body

Answer 5

Nervous Tissue

Question 6

a tissue that connects and supports other tissues

ex: fat, cartilage, bone, tendons, blood

Answer 6

connective tissue

Question 7

the tissue made of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement

Answer 7

muscle tissue

Question 8

what are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 8

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

Question 9

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 9

to protect and support the body and organs; to work with skeletal muscles; to produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 10

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system

Answer 10

the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

Question 11

axial system

Answer 11

forms the central axis of the body

includes: the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

Question 12

appendicular skeleton

Answer 12

includes the appendages

including: shoulders, arms, hips, and legs

Question 13

a group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function

Answer 13

tissue

Question 14

how is the human body organized?

Answer 14

cells, tissues, organs, organ stystems

Question 15

structures made of two or more types of tissue that work together to perform a specific function

Answer 15

organ

Question 16

a group of organs that work together to carry out the major processes of the body

Answer 16

organ system

Question 17

what bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 17

the scapulae and the clavicles

Question 18

What makes up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 18

the ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 19

What are the four basic bone shapes?

Answer 19

long, short, flat, and irregular

Question 20

the steady internal environment that your body maintains, despite changes in the external environment

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

a system in which the results of a process provide the signal for the process to stop

Answer 21

negative feedback

Question 22

• early stage of embryonic stem cells

- have potential to become entire human

Answer 22

totipotent

Question 23

• later stage embryonic stem cells

- can become all tissues; NOT entire human

Answer 23

pluripotent

Question 24

• adult stem cells

- can only become part of tissue from which they are derived

Answer 24

multipotent

Question 25

bone made of tightly packed mature bone cells called osteocytes

Answer 25

compact bone

Question 26

bones are covered by a tough membrane called the ...

Answer 26

periosteum

Question 27

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Answer 27

compact bone is tightly packed osteocytes and sponge bone is less tightly packed and the space is filled by bone marrow

Question 28

soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells

Answer 28

red bone marrow

Question 29

soft tissue inside bones that stores fat

Answer 29

yellow bone marrow

Question 30

a mature bone cell that maintains the mineral content of bones

Answer 30

osteocyte

Question 31

a type of connective tissue that cushions joints, makes up flexible body parts (ears and nose), and serves as a template for bone formation

Answer 31

cartilage

Question 32

cancer of the blood-forming organs

Answer 32

leukemia

Question 33

a condition in which bones become brittle and are easily broken

Answer 33

osteoporosis

Question 34

a place where two or more bones meet

Answer 34

joint

Question 35

how are joints classified?

Answer 35

by their structure and by the way they move

Question 36

what are the types of joints

Answer 36

immovable joint - skull slightly movable joint - spine & rib cage freely movable joints - joints of appendages

Question 37

what is the difference between an open and closed fracture

Answer 37

...

Question 38

a type of connective tissue that holds together the bones in a joint

Answer 38

ligament

Question 39

injury to joint when a joint is bet to far or in the wrong direction

Answer 39

sprain

Question 40

a disease from the result of cartilage protecting joints is damaged

Answer 40

arthritis

Question 41

a common disorder in athletes and musicians in which the Bursae sacs become swollen and painful

Answer 41

bursitis

Question 42

what are the functions of the muscular system

Answer 42

muscles move the body from place to place; to move substances through the body; to provide structure and support

Question 43

a tough connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Answer 43

tendon

Question 44

a muscle that bends a joint

Answer 44

flexor

Question 45

a muscle that extends a joint

Answer 45

extensor

Question 46

the only type of muscle you can control

Answer 46

voluntary muscle

Question 47

the type of muscle you cannot control its movement

Answer 47

involuntary muscle

Question 48

what are the differences between the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 48

skeletal muscle -voluntary -attached to bones; responsible for movement -cells have many nuclei & striations smooth muscle -involuntary -lines walls of blood vessels, digestive organs, uterus & bladder -cells have one nucleus; interlaced in sheets Cardiac Muscle -involuntary -one nucleus & striated

Question 49

stripes

Answer 49

striations

Question 50

What is the difference between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers

Answer 50

fast-twitch : resist fatigue; produce little force | slow-twitch : produces great force; fatigue quickly

Question 51

What are the functions of the integumentary system

Answer 51

to protect against injury, infection, and fluid loss; to help regulate body temperature

Question 52

What gives skin its color?

Answer 52

melanin

Question 53

What is the relationship between UV radiation and melanin?

Answer 53

melanin absorbs UV radiation, which can damage DNA and cause skin cancer. When the skin is exposed to UV rays, skin cells produce more melanin

Question 54

the condition in which muscle mass is lost

Answer 54

atrophy

Question 55

tendons that are repeatedly stressed can become inflamed resulting in ...

Answer 55

tendonitis

Question 56

the outer layer of cells | outer layer of skin

Answer 56

epidermis

Question 57

the layer of skin below the epidermis

Answer 57

dermis

Question 58

the layer of cells beneath the dermis

Answer 58

subcutaneous

Question 59

oily secretion of the sebaceous glands

Answer 59

sebum

Question 60

a pigment the helps determine skin and hair color

Answer 60

melanin

Question 61

a hard protein that makes up hair and nails

Answer 61

keratin

Question 62

a hereditary skin disorder that causes red, scaly patches

Answer 62

psoriasis

Question 63

type of skin cancer that develops in epidermal cells that do not produce malenin

Answer 63

carcinomas

Question 64

cancer that occurs in pigment-producing epidermal cells

Answer 64

melanoma

Question 65

nails grow from an area of the nail called the ...

Answer 65

nail matrix

Question 66

hair begins in the part of the follicle called the ...

Answer 66

hair bulb