Chapter 10

Question 1

the inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned about the event elsewhere

Answer 1

source misattribution

Question 2

confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you or a belief that you remembered something when it never actually happened

Answer 2

confabulation

Question 3

conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information

Answer 3

explicit memory

Question 4

the ability to retrieve and produce from memory previously encountered material

Answer 4

recall

Question 5

the ability to identify previously encountered material

Answer 5

recognition

Question 6

unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions

Answer 6

implicit memory

Question 7

a method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task

Answer 7

priming

Question 8

a method for measuring retention that compares the time required to relearn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material

Answer 8

relearning method

Question 9

a model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network, and all operating in parallell

Answer 9

parellel distributed processing model (PDP)

Question 10

a memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information

Answer 10

sensory register

Question 11

in the three box model of memory, a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods, it is also used to hold information retrieved from long term memory for temporary use

Answer 11

short term memory (STM)

Question 12

a meaningful unit of information, it may be composed of smaller units

Answer 12

chunk

Question 13

in many models of memory, a cognitively complex form of short term memory that involves active mental processes that control retrieval of information from long term memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task

Answer 13

working memory

Question 14

in the three box model of memory, the memory system involved in long term storage information

Answer 14

long term memory (LTM)

Question 15

memories for the performance of actions and skills

Answer 15

procedural memories

Question 16

memories of facts, rules, concepts and events, include semantic and episodic memories

Answer 16

declarative memories

Question 17

memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts and propositions

Answer 17

semantic memories

Question 18

memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred

Answer 18

episodic memories

Question 19

the tendency for recall of the first and last item on the list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list

Answer 19

serial position effect

Question 20

a long lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness, thoughts to be a biological mechanism of long term memory

Answer 20

long term potentiation

Question 21

rote repetition of materia in order to maintain its availability in memory

Answer 21

maintenance rehearsal

Question 22

association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable

Answer 22

elaborative rehearsal

Question 23

in the encoding of information, the precessing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of stimulus

Answer 23

deep processing

Question 24

the theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed, it applies better to short tern than to long term memory

Answer 24

decay theory

Question 25

forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously

Answer 25

retroactive interference

Question 26

forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material

Answer 26

proactive interference

Question 27

the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall

Answer 27

cue dependent forgetting

Question 28

the tendency to remember something when the rememberer is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning or experience

Answer 28

state dependent memory

Question 29

the tendency to remember experiences that are consistant with ones current mood and overlook or forget experiences that are not

Answer 29

mood congruent memory

Question 30

the partial or complete loss of memory for important personal information

Answer 30

amnesia

Question 31

in psychoanalytic theory, the selective involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious

Answer 31

repression

Question 32

the inability to remember events or experiences that occurred during the first two or three years

Answer 32

childhood amnesia