Chapter 4

Question 1

lobes at the front of the brains cerebral cortex they contain areas involved in short term memory, higher order memory, initiative, social judgement, and speech production

Answer 1

frontal lobes

Question 2

lobes at the sides of the brains cerebral cortex, they contain areas involved in hearing, memory, perception, emotion, and language comprehension

Answer 2

temporal lobes

Question 3

lobes at the top of the brains cerebral cortex they contain areas that receive information or pressure, pain, touch, and temperature

Answer 3

parietal lobes

Question 4

lobes at the lower back part of the brains cerebral cortex contain areas that receive visual information

Answer 4

occipital lobes

Question 5

a collection of several thin layers of cell covering the cerebrum, it is largely responsible for higher mental functions

Answer 5

cerebral cortex

Question 6

specialization of the two cerebral hemispheres for particular operations

Answer 6

lateralization

Question 7

bundles of nerve fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 7

corpus callosum

Question 8

2 halves of the cerebrum

Answer 8

cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

the largest brain structure consisting of the upper part of the brain, dividing into two hemispheres its in charge of most motor, sensory and cognitive processes

Answer 9

cerebrum

Question 10

a brain structure involved in the arousal and regulation of emotion and the initial emotional response to sensory information

Answer 10

amygdala

Question 11

a group of brain areas involved in emotional reactions and motivated behaviour

Answer 11

limbic systems

Question 12

a small endocrine gland at the base of the brain, which releases many hormones and regulates other endocrine glands

Answer 12

pituitary glands

Question 13

a brain structure involved in emotions and drives that are vital to survival such as fear, hunger, thirst, and reproductions, and it regulaties the nervous aunomatic systems

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

a brain structure that relies sensory messages to the cerebral cortex

Answer 14

thalamus

Question 15

the brain structure that regulates movement and balance and is involved in the learning of certain kinds of simple responses

Answer 15

cerebellum

Question 16

a dense network of neurons found in the core of the brain stem, it arouses the cortex and screens incoming information

Answer 16

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 17

a structure in the brain stem responsible for certain automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate

Answer 17

medulla

Question 18

a structure in the brain stem involved in among other things sleeping and waking in dreams

Answer 18

pons

Question 19

part of the brain at the top of the spinal cord, consisting of the medulla and the pons

Answer 19

brain stems

Question 20

method for analyzing biochemical activity in the brain using injections of a glucose like substance containing a radioactive element

Answer 20

PET Scan (positron-emission tomography)

Question 21

a method of stimulating brain cells, using a powerful magnetic field of produced by wire coil placed on a persons head, it can be used by researchers to temporarily inactivate neural circuits

Answer 21

transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS)

Question 22

The production of new neurons from immature stem cells

Answer 22

neurogenesis

Question 23

the subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress

Answer 23

sympathetic nervous system

Question 24

subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal organs and glands

Answer 24

autonomic nervous system

Question 25

the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connect to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles, sometimes called the skeletal nervous system

Answer 25

somatic nervous system

Question 26

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, that stimulates uterine contractions during child birth, facilitates the ejection of milk during nursing, and seems to promote trust and attachments in both sexes

Answer 26

oxytocin

Question 27

a hormone secreted from the pineal gland, involved in the regulation of daily biological rhythms

Answer 27

melatonin

Question 28

internal organs that produce hormones and release them into the blood stream

Answer 28

endocrine glands

Question 29

chemical substances secreted by organs called glands that affect the functioning of other organs

Answer 29

hormones

Question 30

chemical substances in the nervous system that are similar in structure and action to opitates they are involved in pain, pleasure and memory

Answer 30

endorphins

Question 31

the brains ability to change and adapt in responses to experience, for example: growing new neural connections

Answer 31

plasticity

Question 32

chemical substance that is released by a transmitting neuron by the synapse and that alters the activity of a receiving neuron

Answer 32

neuro transmitter

Question 33

a brief change in electrical voltage that occurs between the inside and outside of an axon when a neuron is stimulated it serves to produce an electrical impulse

Answer 33

action potential

Question 34

bundle of nerve fibres (axons and dendrites) in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 34

nerve

Question 35

a fatty insulation that may surround the axon of the neuron

Answer 35

myelin sheath

Question 36

a neuron extending fibre that conducts impulses away from the cell body and transmits them to another neuron

Answer 36

axon

Question 37

the part of the neuron that keeps it alive and determines whether or not it will fire

Answer 37

cell body

Question 38

a neuron branches that receive information from other neurons and transmits them toward the cell body

Answer 38

dendrites

Question 39

cells that support nurture, and insulate neurons remove debris when neurons die and enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections and modify neuronal functioning

Answer 39

glia

Question 40

a recording of neural activity detected by electrodes

Answer 40

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 41

hormones that regulate the development and functioning of reproductive organs and that stimulate the development of male &female sexual characteristics including estrogens, progesterone and androgens

Answer 41

sex hormones

Question 42

hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands and are involved in emotion and stress

Answer 42

adrenal hormones

Question 43

the portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 43

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 44

a cell that conducts electrochemical signals the basic unit of the nervous system also called the nerve cell

Answer 44

neuron

Question 45

the subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that operates during relaxed states and that conserve energy

Answer 45

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 46

the site where transmission of a nerve impuse from one nerve cell to another occurs and it includes the axon terminal synaptic cleft, and receptor sites in the membrane of the receiving cell

Answer 46

synapse

Question 47

immature cells that renew themselves and have the potential to develop into mature cells given encouraging environments stem cells from early embryos can develop into any cell type

Answer 47

stem cells

Question 48

all portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, it includes sensory and motor nerves

Answer 48

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 49

a collection of neurons and supportive tissue running form the base of the brain down the centre of the back, protected by a column of bones.

Answer 49

spinal cord.