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Biology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What color is plasma?

A

Gold/yellow

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2
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Water
Proteins
Electrolytes

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3
Q

Antibody proteins

A

Globulins

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4
Q

What are the proteins of the blood in plasma?

A

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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5
Q

Liquid part of blood

A

Plasma: water, proteins, electrolytes

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6
Q

RBC (red blood cells)

A

Erythrocytes

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7
Q

Blood cells

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Leukocytes (WBC)

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8
Q

Which cells are biconcave?

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

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9
Q

Do erythrocytes have a nucleus?

A

No. Bc of this they have no permanent life (120day lifespan)

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10
Q

ERYTHROCYTES

A

Biconcave
No nucleus (no perm life)
Contains hemoglobin

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11
Q

HEMOGLOBIN

A

Globin
Heme
Anemia
Sickle-cell anemia

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12
Q

Which element of hemoglobin is a protein?

A

Globin

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13
Q

Which part of the hemoglobin is the pigment containing iron?

A

Heme

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14
Q

Iron + oxygen =

A

Rust

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15
Q

Low hemoglobin concentration

Unable to carry oxygen to cells

A

Anemia

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16
Q

Genetic mutation causes defective hemoglobin

A

Sickle-cell anemia

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17
Q

WBC

A

Leukocytes

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18
Q

Which blood cells fight off infection?

A

Leukocytes

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19
Q

WBC are categorized by appearance:

A

Granular vs agranular

Size and shape of nucleus

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20
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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21
Q

“Cell fragments”

A

Thrombocytes

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22
Q

Which cells are responsible for blood clotting?

A

Thrombocytes

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23
Q

Restricts blood flow

A

Serotonin

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24
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Blood clotting

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25
Q

What determines blood type?

A

Antigens on surface of red blood cells,

Antibodies in plasma

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26
Q

Markers on RBC

A

Antigens

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27
Q

Antigens

A

DETERMINE BLOOD TYPE

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28
Q

Markers

A

Antigens

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29
Q

How many blood types are there?

A

4

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30
Q

What are the 4 blood types?

A

A
B
AB
O

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31
Q

What happens when you mix two different types of blood?

A

Agglutination

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32
Q

Agglutination

A

Blood clumps

Occur when 2 diff blood types are mixed

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33
Q

Universal recipient

A

AB

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34
Q

AB

A

Universal RECIPIENT

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35
Q

Universal donor

A

O

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36
Q

O

A

Universal DONOR

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37
Q

Rh +

A

Rh antigen present

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38
Q

Rh -

A

Rh antigen absent

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39
Q

Negative and positive blood

A

Rh factor

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40
Q

What is the pathway of the heart?

A 
Vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle 
Pulmonary semilunar valve 
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Out aorta
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41
Q

Take blood AWAY from heart?

A

Arteries

42
Q

Bring blood TO the heart

A

Veins

43
Q

Deoxygenated artery

A

Pulmonary artery

44
Q

Oxygenated vein?

A

Pulmonary vein

45
Q

Are arteries usually deoxygenated?

A

No! Arteries are usually oxygenated

46
Q

Are veins typically oxygenated?

A

No!!

47
Q

Is blood taken AWAY from the heart oxygenated?

A

Yes!!!!

48
Q

Arteries have

A

Thick walls and high pressure

49
Q

Smaller arteries

A

Arterioles

50
Q

Smallest blood vessels

A

Capillaries

51
Q

In which blood vessels do blood cells have to travel in single file?

A

Capillaries

52
Q

Capillaries use high concentration to low concentration called

A

Diffusion

53
Q

Diffusion

A

High concentration to low concentration

54
Q

Diffusion is used by the

A

Capillaries

55
Q

Smaller veins

A

Venules

56
Q

Deoxygenated blood vessels

A

Veins

57
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart?

A

Veins

58
Q

Thinner walls, lower pressure

A

Veins

59
Q

Thick walls =

A

High pressure

60
Q

Thinner walls =

A

Lower pressure

61
Q

Veins have valves?

A

YES

62
Q

What causes varicose veins?

A

Valves that start to leak

63
Q

Which blood vessels branch from the aorta?

A

Right and left coronary arteries

64
Q

Cardiac veins

A

Coronary sinus

Empties into right atrium

65
Q

What empties the blood into the right atrium?

A

Coronary sinus

66
Q

Blood supply to heart?

A

Right and left coronary arteries to the cardiac veins to the coronary sinus to the right atrium

67
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels

68
Q

The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels

A

Blood pressure

69
Q

What is used to measure blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer

70
Q

Systolic

A

120 norm

71
Q

Diastolic

A

80 norm

72
Q

Swelling of arteries as blood pushes through

A

Pulse

73
Q

Pulse?

A

Swelling of arteries as blood pushes through

74
Q

Exchange and use of oxygen by the cells

A

Respiration

75
Q

Respiration anatomy

A 
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
76
Q

Throat region

A

Pharynx

77
Q

Warms and moistens air

A

Pharynx

78
Q

2 branches to lungs

A

Bronchus

79
Q

Continue branching in lungs

A

Bronchioles

80
Q

Look like grapes in clusters

A

Alveolar sacs (in lungs)

81
Q

What are the alveolar sacs surrounded by?

A

Capillaries

82
Q

Muscles for breathing?

A

Diaphragm

Intercostals

83
Q

Diaphragm moved down

A

Inhale

84
Q

Diaphragm returns

A

Exhale

85
Q

What muscles are used for deep breathing

A

Intercostals

86
Q

What does the hemoglobin in red blood cells do!?

A

Absorbs oxygen

87
Q

Absorb oxygen

A

Hemoglobin in RBC

88
Q

What absorbs carbon dioxide?

A

Plasma

89
Q

Carbon dioxide is absorbed by

A

Plasma

90
Q

What does the brain do when it senses an increase in carbon dioxide?

A

Signals diaphragm to contract

91
Q

Increased fluid in lungs

A

Pneumonia

92
Q

Bacteria infects lungs

A

Tuberculosis

93
Q

Lining of bronchial tubes inflamed

A

Bronchitis

94
Q

Inflammation of membrane that reduces friction between lungs and ribs

A

Pleurisy

95
Q

Spasms in bronchial tube muscles that cause tubes to suddenly constrict

A

Bronchial asthma

96
Q

Virus that infects respiratory system

A

Influenza

97
Q

Most common respiratory disease

A

Common cold

98
Q

Degeneration of alveoli

A

Emphysema

99
Q

Most common hereditary disease in US

A

Cystic fibrosis

100
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Lungs fill with thick mucus

101
Q

Uncontrolled growth of lung cells

A

Lung cancer

Biology (12 decks)

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