Chapter 4

Question 1

Growth in length

Answer 1

Apical meristem

Question 2

Spire-like branching

Answer 2

Excurrent

Question 3

Spreading branching

Answer 3

Deliquescent

Question 4

Primary growth

Answer 4

Length

Question 5

Secondary growth

Answer 5

Width

Question 6

The parts of the stem that allow it to grow in length or to develop new stems, flowers, or leaves

Answer 6

Buds

Question 7

The large bud at the end of a twig?

Answer 7

Terminal (or apical) bud

Question 8

Buds located on sides of twig?

Answer 8

Lateral (auxillary) buds

Question 9

What protect the bud in winter from frost injury and from drying out?

Answer 9

Bud scales

Question 10

Rings that indicate where last year’s growth started?

Answer 10

Bud-scale scars

Question 11

Bundle scars?

Answer 11

Indicate passage points of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) from the stem to the petiole of the leaf

Question 12

Openings in the bark that allow air to enter the stem, providing a means of respiration

Answer 12

Lenticels

Question 13

A woody dicot is divided into 3 areas:

Answer 13

Bark
Wood
Pith

Question 14

The outermost layer of bark in young woody stems

Answer 14

Epidermis

Question 15

When stem grows older, the epidermis is replaced by…

Answer 15

Cork

Question 16

Young woody stems have a second layer of tissue under the epidermis called…

Answer 16

Cortex

Question 17

Sap-conducting phloem cells are in the form of thin-walled, hollow tubes with perforated plates called?

Answer 17

Sieve plates

Question 18

Phloem cells are connected end to end at their sieve plates to form?

Answer 18

Sieve tubes

Question 19

What is the purpose of sieve tubes?

Answer 19

To conduct food throughout the plant

Question 20

Phloem cells are reinforced by_________ which strengthen the phloem tissue.

Answer 20

Companion cells

Question 21

What lies between the bark and the wood (xylem)?

Answer 21

Vascular cambium

Question 22

New phloem cells are formed by a thin layer of

Answer 22

Vascular cambium cells

Question 23

Wood?

Answer 23

Xylem

Question 24

Wood consists mostly of long, narrow, tubular cells with thick cellulose walls stiffened by??

Answer 24

Lignin

Question 25

Can old wood conduct sap?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Cone-bearing trees

Answer 26

Conifers

Question 27

Long, narrow, rod-shaped water conducting cells that often have tapered ends?

Answer 27

Tracheids

Question 28

Which type of trees have vessels?

Answer 28

Broadleaf trees only

Question 29

Lignin is much harder than...

Answer 29

Lignin

Question 30

What makes the wood of broadleaf trees stronger?

Answer 30

Vessels

Question 31

What is the pith for?

Answer 31

Storage of water

Question 32

Center of tree, oldest wood, often darker color

Answer 32

Heartwood

Question 33

Still functioning outside heartwood

Answer 33

Sapwood

Question 34

Which season's rings are light and large?

Answer 34

Spring

Question 35

Which seasons rings are dark and small?

Answer 35

Summer

Question 36

What is the epidermis of a monocot called?

Answer 36

Rind

Question 37

Reproduction without fertilization

Answer 37

Asexual

Question 38

New plant grows from stem, root, leaf

Answer 38

Vegetative reproduction

Question 39

Person uses vegetative reproduction

Answer 39

Vegetative propagation

Question 40

Roots that grow from an unexpected region of the plant

Answer 40

Adventitious roots

Question 41

Types of vegetative propagation?

Answer 41

Cutting Layering Grafting Tissue culturing

Question 42

What is layering?

Answer 42

Placing soil around the node

Question 43

In grafting, which part receives the graft?

Answer 43

Stock

Question 44

In grafting, which part is the piece to be grafted?

Answer 44

Scion

Question 45

What is budding

Answer 45

When the scion is a bud

Question 46

What do you call it when plant cells are separated and used to grow new plants?

Answer 46

Tissue culturing

Question 47

Thickened, horizontal underground stem

Answer 47

Rhizomes

Question 48

Stems that store a LOT of nutrients

Answer 48

Bulbs and corms

Question 49

Like rhizome, except thin and above ground

Answer 49

Stolons

Question 50

What type of stems are for support?

Answer 50

Tendrils

Question 51

Which type of stem stores nutrition?

Answer 51

Tubers

Question 52

Which stem offers special protection?

Answer 52

Thorns

Question 53

Tropisms =

Answer 53

Growth response

Question 54

Positive tropism

Answer 54

Growing toward

Question 55

Negative tropism

Answer 55

Growing away from

Question 56

Grows toward light

Answer 56

Phototropism

Question 57

Response to gravity

Answer 57

Geotropism

Question 58

Growing toward chemicals

Answer 58

Chemotropism

Question 59

Response to water

Answer 59

Hydrotropism

Question 60

Response to touch

Answer 60

Thigmotropism

Question 61

Chemical messengers

Answer 61

Hormones

Question 62

Primary growth

Answer 62

Upward

Question 63

Which hormone keeps the apical bud dominant?

Answer 63

Auxins

Question 64

Which hormones promote axillary growth and promote cell division?

Answer 64

Cytokinins

Question 65

Which hormones regulate normal plant growth and trigger germination?

Answer 65

Gibberellins

Question 66

Which hormone tells the plant to be dormant?

Answer 66

Abscisic acid

Question 67

Which hormone forms the abscission layer and causes the fruit to ripen

Answer 67

Ethylene (gas)

Question 68

Two types of roots?

Answer 68

Fibrous | Taproot

Question 69

What causes growth?

Answer 69

Cell division

Question 70

What is the function of the meristematic region?

Answer 70

Growth and repair

Question 71

3 root regions?

Answer 71

Meristematic region Region of elongation Maturation region

Question 72

Where are the root hairs located?

Answer 72

Maturation region

Question 73

Which movement of liquid in plants goes from a high concentration to a low concentration?

Answer 73

Diffusion

Question 74

Which movement of liquid in plants deals with water?

Answer 74

Osmosis

Question 75

Cohesion?

Answer 75

Water molecules stick together

Question 76

Adhesion?

Answer 76

Water sticks to walls of narrow tubes

Question 77

What is the upward movement of liquid through a very narrow tube?

Answer 77

Capillarity

Question 78

What is the upward flow of fluids through the xylem?

Answer 78

Sap stream

Question 79

Transpiration helps the upward flow of fluids in the...

Answer 79

Sap stream