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Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
Basic organization:
1
2
3
4
5
A 
Organism
Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
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2
Q

Two systems in plants

A

Root system

Shoot system

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3
Q

4 plant organs

A

Root
Stem
Leaf
Flower

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4
Q

3 types of tissues in plants

A

Structural
Vascular
Meristematic

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5
Q

4 types of structural tissue

A

Epidermal
Cork
Parenchyma
Support and strengthening

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6
Q

Protects and covers (younger plant)

A

Epidermal tissue

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7
Q

Covered by cuticle

A

Epidermal tissue

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8
Q

Protects and waterproofs (older plant)

A

Cork

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9
Q

Makes and stores food

A

Parenchyma

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10
Q

Sap conducting tissues

A

Vascular

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11
Q

Growth and repair

A

Meristematic

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12
Q

Upward movement of sap (into leaf)

A

Xylem

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13
Q

Downward movement of sap (out of leaf)

A

Phloem

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14
Q

Longitudinal plant growth

A

Apical meristem

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15
Q

New xylem and phloem

A

Vascular cambium

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16
Q

New cork tissue

A

Cork cambium

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17
Q

Cell

A

Basic structural unit of all living things

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18
Q

Parts found in any cell

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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19
Q

Plant cell parts

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole

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20
Q

Separates cell from environment

A

Cell membrane

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21
Q

Control center of cell

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

Fluid medium

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

“Little organs”

A

Organelles

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24
Q

Cellulose

A

Cell wall

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25
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Chloroplasts

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26
Q

Storage in cell

A

Vacuole

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27
Q

Basic leaf shapes

A

Broad and flat
Long and narrow
Needlelike or scalelike

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28
Q

Leaf parts

A

Blade

Petiole

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29
Q

Margin types

A

Smooth
Toothed
Lobed

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30
Q

Connects blade to stem

A

Petiole

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31
Q

No petiole =

A

Sessile

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32
Q

Simple=

A

1 blade per petiole

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33
Q

Compound =

A

More than one blade per petiole

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34
Q

Area at which the leaves grow from the stem

A

Node

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35
Q

Space between the nodes

A

Internode

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36
Q

Opposite

A

2 leaves growing from same node

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37
Q

Alternate

A

1 leaf per node

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38
Q

Whorled

A

3 or more leaves per node

39
Q

3 or more leaves per node at BASE

A

Rosette

40
Q

Sunlight exposure patterns

A

Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Rosette

41
Q

Pattern of veins within a leaf

A

Venation

42
Q

Main vein

A

Midrib

43
Q

Venation patterns

A

Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate

44
Q

Venation pattern found in monocots

A

Parallel

45
Q

Resembling a feather, venation pattern found in dicots

A

Pinnate

46
Q

Multiple main veins, usually found in lobed leaves

A

Palmate

47
Q

Allows air to move in and out of leaves

A

Stomata

48
Q

2 functions of stomata

A

Exchange of CO2 and O2

Transpiration

49
Q

Loss of water vapor from leaves and stems

A

Transpiration

50
Q

How many guard cells?

A

2

51
Q

Middle of leaf

A

Mesophyll

52
Q

Place of most photosynthesis

A

Palisade mesophyll

53
Q

Made of column-shaped cells

A

Palisade mesophyll (upper)

54
Q

Two types of mesophyll?

A

Palisade and spongy

55
Q

What are the 3 parts of the mesophyll?

A

Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Intercellular air spaces

56
Q

Veins?

A

Xylem and Phloem

57
Q

Photosynthesis means

A

Putting together with light

58
Q

Requirements for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight
Chlorophyll

59
Q

Most important requirement for photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight

60
Q

Products of photosynthesis

A

Glucose - C6 H12 O6
Oxygen - O2
Water - H2O

61
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H2O+sunlight —>

C6H12O6+6O2

62
Q

How is the glucose stored?

A

Typically in the form of starch (usually in root by phloem)

63
Q

What influences the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Water
CO2
Temperature
Sunlight

64
Q

What causes the leaves to “fall” off the tree?

A 
Abscission layer 
(Cellulase breaks cellulose)
65
Q

Xanthophyll

A

Yellow

66
Q

Carotene

A

Orange

67
Q

Anthocyanin

A

Red, blue, purple

68
Q

Yellow

A

Xanthophyll

69
Q

Orange

A

Carotene

70
Q

Red and blue

A

Anthocyanin

71
Q

What effects water and wilting?

A

Turgor pressure

72
Q

High turgor pressure=

A

Turgid

73
Q

Low turgor pressure

A

Wilting

74
Q

Leaves that have functions other than photosynthesis

A

Special leaves

75
Q

Monocots with sessile leaves are attached to the stem by a

A

Sheath

76
Q

Small leaflike or scalelike structures that helped to cover the leaf when it was developing?

A

Stipules

77
Q

What contain developing leaf or stem structures?

A

Buds

78
Q

Each small blade on a compound leaf is referred to as a

A

Leaflet

79
Q

The point at which leaves grow from the stem are called?

A

Nodes

80
Q

When two leaves grow from each node…

A

Opposite

81
Q

When only one leaf grows from each node in an alternating pattern?

A

Alternate

82
Q

When 3 or more nodes grow from each node it is called?

A

Whorled

83
Q

Plants that have a cluster of leaves growing around the base of a plant are called?

A

Rosette

84
Q

Movement of the petiole, orienting the leaves to face the sun?

A

Photoropism

85
Q

Living material that is constructed in such a way as to perform a particular task for the organs of an organism is called?

A

Tissue

86
Q

A simple leaf generally has two main parts:

A

Blade and petiole

87
Q

Tissue found in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits that makes and stores food?

A

Parenchyma

88
Q

Elongated, tubular cells that are sap- conducting tissues?

A

Vascular tissues

89
Q

Consists of fibers that run through the roots, stems, and large veins of leaves?

A

Support and strengthening tissues

90
Q

What is the purpose of meristematic tissue?

A

The growth and repair of plants

91
Q

Meristematic tissue is present in?

A

Root tips
Stem tips
Internal cambium layers

92
Q

Cambium tissue enables…

A

Stems and roots to grow in diameter

93
Q

Vascular cambium produces…

A

Xylem and phloem

94
Q

Cork cambium produces?

A

New cork tissue

Biology (12 decks)

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