Chapter 2 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Basic organization: 1 2 3 4 5
A
Organism Systems Organs Tissues Cells
2
Q
Two systems in plants
A
Root system
Shoot system
3
Q
4 plant organs
A
Root
Stem
Leaf
Flower
4
Q
3 types of tissues in plants
A
Structural
Vascular
Meristematic
5
Q
4 types of structural tissue
A
Epidermal
Cork
Parenchyma
Support and strengthening
6
Q
Protects and covers (younger plant)
A
Epidermal tissue
7
Q
Covered by cuticle
A
Epidermal tissue
8
Q
Protects and waterproofs (older plant)
A
Cork
9
Q
Makes and stores food
A
Parenchyma
10
Q
Sap conducting tissues
A
Vascular
11
Q
Growth and repair
A
Meristematic
12
Q
Upward movement of sap (into leaf)
A
Xylem
13
Q
Downward movement of sap (out of leaf)
A
Phloem
14
Q
Longitudinal plant growth
A
Apical meristem
15
Q
New xylem and phloem
A
Vascular cambium
16
Q
New cork tissue
A
Cork cambium
17
Q
Cell
A
Basic structural unit of all living things
18
Q
Parts found in any cell
A
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
19
Q
Plant cell parts
A
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
20
Q
Separates cell from environment
A
Cell membrane
21
Q
Control center of cell
A
Nucleus
22
Q
Fluid medium
A
Cytoplasm
23
Q
“Little organs”
A
Organelles
24
Q
Cellulose
A
Cell wall
25
Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
26
Storage in cell
Vacuole
27
Basic leaf shapes
Broad and flat
Long and narrow
Needlelike or scalelike
28
Leaf parts
Blade
| Petiole
29
Margin types
Smooth
Toothed
Lobed
30
Connects blade to stem
Petiole
31
No petiole =
Sessile
32
Simple=
1 blade per petiole
33
Compound =
More than one blade per petiole
34
Area at which the leaves grow from the stem
Node
35
Space between the nodes
Internode
36
Opposite
2 leaves growing from same node
37
Alternate
1 leaf per node
38
Whorled
3 or more leaves per node
39
3 or more leaves per node at BASE
Rosette
40
Sunlight exposure patterns
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Rosette
41
Pattern of veins within a leaf
Venation
42
Main vein
Midrib
43
Venation patterns
Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate
44
Venation pattern found in monocots
Parallel
45
Resembling a feather, venation pattern found in dicots
Pinnate
46
Multiple main veins, usually found in lobed leaves
Palmate
47
Allows air to move in and out of leaves
Stomata
48
2 functions of stomata
Exchange of CO2 and O2
| Transpiration
49
Loss of water vapor from leaves and stems
Transpiration
50
How many guard cells?
2
51
Middle of leaf
Mesophyll
52
Place of most photosynthesis
Palisade mesophyll
53
Made of column-shaped cells
Palisade mesophyll (upper)
54
Two types of mesophyll?
Palisade and spongy
55
What are the 3 parts of the mesophyll?
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Intercellular air spaces
56
Veins?
Xylem and Phloem
57
Photosynthesis means
Putting together with light
58
Requirements for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight
Chlorophyll
59
Most important requirement for photosynthesis?
Sunlight
60
Products of photosynthesis
Glucose - C6 H12 O6
Oxygen - O2
Water - H2O
61
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O+sunlight --->
| C6H12O6+6O2
62
How is the glucose stored?
Typically in the form of starch (usually in root by phloem)
63
What influences the rate of photosynthesis?
Water
CO2
Temperature
Sunlight
64
What causes the leaves to "fall" off the tree?
```
Abscission layer
(Cellulase breaks cellulose)
```
65
Xanthophyll
Yellow
66
Carotene
Orange
67
Anthocyanin
Red, blue, purple
68
Yellow
Xanthophyll
69
Orange
Carotene
70
Red and blue
Anthocyanin
71
What effects water and wilting?
Turgor pressure
72
High turgor pressure=
Turgid
73
Low turgor pressure
Wilting
74
Leaves that have functions other than photosynthesis
Special leaves
75
Monocots with sessile leaves are attached to the stem by a
Sheath
76
Small leaflike or scalelike structures that helped to cover the leaf when it was developing?
Stipules
77
What contain developing leaf or stem structures?
Buds
78
Each small blade on a compound leaf is referred to as a
Leaflet
79
The point at which leaves grow from the stem are called?
Nodes
80
When two leaves grow from each node...
Opposite
81
When only one leaf grows from each node in an alternating pattern?
Alternate
82
When 3 or more nodes grow from each node it is called?
Whorled
83
Plants that have a cluster of leaves growing around the base of a plant are called?
Rosette
84
Movement of the petiole, orienting the leaves to face the sun?
Photoropism
85
Living material that is constructed in such a way as to perform a particular task for the organs of an organism is called?
Tissue
86
A simple leaf generally has two main parts:
Blade and petiole
87
Tissue found in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits that makes and stores food?
Parenchyma
88
Elongated, tubular cells that are sap- conducting tissues?
Vascular tissues
89
Consists of fibers that run through the roots, stems, and large veins of leaves?
Support and strengthening tissues
90
What is the purpose of meristematic tissue?
The growth and repair of plants
91
Meristematic tissue is present in?
Root tips
Stem tips
Internal cambium layers
92
Cambium tissue enables...
Stems and roots to grow in diameter
93
Vascular cambium produces...
Xylem and phloem
94
Cork cambium produces?
New cork tissue
