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Bio 110 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Uncondensed DNA

A

Chromatin

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2
Q

Condensed DNA

A

Chromosome

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3
Q

DNA

A

Coded genetic information

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4
Q

Controls a cell’s activities and are passed on to descendants

A

Genes

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5
Q

What happens when a cell divides

A

DNA is replicated and copies are transmitted to daughter cells

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6
Q

Each DNA molecule is packaged with proteins to form a ________.

A

Chromosome

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7
Q

A parent cell transmits one copy of every chromosome to each of its two daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

In organisms that reproduce sexually, chromosome number is reduced in half to produce eggs and sperm, then the original number is stored in the zygote

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

Where can chromosomes be found

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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11
Q

How many chromosomes do roundworms have?

A

2

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12
Q

Stages through which a cell passes from one cell division to the next

A

Cell Cycle

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13
Q

Most of a cell’s life is spent in ___.

A

Interphase

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14
Q

Growth and normal metabolism; between the end of mitosis and beginning of S phase.

A

G1 Phase

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15
Q

DNA replicates and histone protein are synthesized

A

S Phase

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16
Q

Protein synthesis increases in preparation for division

A

G2 Phase

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17
Q

Involves two main processes: Mitosis and Cytokinesis

A

M Phase

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18
Q

Nuclear division that produces two nuclei containing chromosomes identical to the parental nucleus

A

Mitosis

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19
Q

What are the four stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

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20
Q

Division of the cell cytoplasm to form two cells

A

Cytokinesis

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21
Q

This happens at the end of telophase, whereby the cytoplasm gets divided.

A

Cytokinesis

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22
Q

Duplicated chromosomes become visible

A

Prophase

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23
Q

All the cell’s chromosomes align at the cell’s metaphase plate

A

Metaphase

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24
Q

Describe Anaphase

A

Begins as sister chromatids separate chromosomes that move toward opposite poles
Kinetochore microtubules shorten at their plus ends and pull chromosomes toward the poles
Ends when all chromosomes have reached the poles

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25
During this phase a new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
Telophase
26
Cytokinessis
Division of the cytoplasm to yield two daughter cells
27
Describe daughter cells of mitosis
Each daughter receives exactly the same number and kinds of chromosomes of parent cells Organelles are apportioned with cytoplasm that each daughter cell receives during cytokinesis Mitochondria and chloroplast contain own DNA and form by division of previously existing mitochondria or plastids
28
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (Cdks)
Protein kinases that activate or inactivate other proteins in by phosphorylating them
29
What are the four major cyclin -Cdk complexes
G1, Cdk, G1/S-Cdk, S-Cdk, M-Cdk
30
Asexual production
A single parent splits to produce a clone
31
Sexual reproduction
Union of egg and sperm to form a zygote
32
Homologous Chromosomes
Paired chromosomes in somatic cells
33
Diploid and Haploid Cells
A set of chromosomes has one of each kind of chromosomes
34
Diploid chromosome number
A cell or nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes
35
Haploid number
A cell or nucleus has only a single set of chromosomes
36
Gametes are
Haploid
37
Polyploidy
An individual whose cells have three or more sets of chromosomes
38
In meiosis, DNA in diploid cell duplicates once, and undergoes two divisions yielding
4 haploid nuclei with unique gene combinations
39
Meiosis I
Partner homologous chromosomes pair, then separate and move into different nuclei
40
Meiosis II
Sister chromatids separate from each and are distributed to two different nuclei
41
Mitosis is a single nuclear division which produces
Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the original cell
42
In meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes genetic rearrangement and two successive nuclear divisions, resulting in formation of
Four genetically different, haploid daughter cells
43
Only _____ cells produce gametes
Haploid
44
Gametes develop when ____ line cells undergo meiosis
Germ
45
Gametogenesis
Formation of gametes
46
Spermatogenesis
Forms four haploid sperm cells for each cell that enters meiosis
47
Oogenesis
Forms one egg cell for every cell that enters meiosis plus 3 polar bodies
48
Sister Chromatids are held together at the _____
Centromere
49
Attached to each centromere is the ____ to which _____ can bind
Kinetochore; microtubules
50
Homologous Chromosomes
Paired chromosomes in somatic cells
51
Diploid chromosome number
A cell or nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes
52
Haploid number
A cell or nucleus has only a single set of chromosomes
53
In human the diploid number is _____ and the haploid number is ____..
46;23
54
Polyploidy
An individual whose cells have three or more sets of chromosomes
55
Meoisis
Produces haploid cells with unique gene combinations
56
In Meiosis, DNA in a diploid cell duplicates _____ and undergoes ____ divisions yielding _____ haploid nuclei
1;2;4
57
In meoisis Each haploid nucleus contains ___ member of each _____ pair
1; homologous
58
Meiosis has two nuclear and cytoplasmic division
Meiosis I and Meiosis II
59
Meiosis I
Partner homologous chromosomes pair, then separate and move into different nuclei
60
Meiosis II
Sister chromatids separate from each other and are distributed to two different nuclei
61
Mitosis is a single nuclear division which produces____
Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the original cell
62
In meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes genetic rearrangement and two successive nuclear divisions, resulting in formation of
Four genetically different, haploid daughter cells
63
Mitosis produces | Meiosis produces
2n cells ; 4n cells
64
Example of Sex cells
Germ cells ; Gamete cell
65
Sperm and a egg together makes a
ZygoteO
66
Order of cell cycle
G1 , S, G2 , M

Bio 110 (9 decks)

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