Chapter 4

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The smallest unit that can carry out all activities associated with life.

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

Acts as a selective barrier between cell contents and the environment to support homeostasis

Question 3

Some variations in cell shape represent a strategy for increasing

Answer 3

Ratio Surface Area to Volume

Question 4

Cell fractionation

Answer 4

A technique for separating parts of cells for studying

Question 5

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 5

Bacteria and Archaea which are not surrounded by membranes

Question 6

Eurkaryotic Cells

Answer 6

Characterized by highly organized and specialized membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Control center that contains DNA

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Part of the cell outside the nucleus

Question 9

Cytoskeleton

Answer 9

Allows a larger size than prokaryotes

Question 10

Membrane - Enclosed Compartments

Answer 10

Allows for different cell activities to go on simultaneously

Question 11

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 11

Double membrane that separates nuclear contents from the ctyoplasm

Question 12

Nuclear Pores

Answer 12

Regulate passage of materials between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Question 13

Nuclear Lamina

Answer 13

Helps organize nuclear contents, DNA duplication and regulating the cell cycle

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

Helps DNA molecules pack inside the nucleus as chromosomes

Question 15

Nuclei

Answer 15

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Organelles found free in the cytoplasm or attached to certain membranes

Question 17

Endomembrane System

Answer 17

A network of organelles that exchange materials through small membrane-enclosed transport vesicles

Question 18

Makes up a significant part of the total volume of the cytoplasm.

Answer 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 19

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

Synthesizes lipids and breaks down toxins

Question 20

Synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol to make a cell membranes

Answer 20

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 21

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 21

Synthesizes secreted and membrane proteins

Question 22

Golgi Complex

Answer 22

Consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. Processes, sorts, and modifies proteins

Question 23

Cis face

Answer 23

Entry Surface

Question 24

Trans Face

Answer 24

Exit Surface

Question 25

Medial Region

Answer 25

In Between

Question 26

Lysosomes

Answer 26

Small sacs of digestive enzymes dispersed in the cytoplasm of animal cells

Question 27

Maintains an interior pH of about 5 and contains about 40 different digestive enzymes

Answer 27

Lysosomes

Question 28

Are large, fluid-filled sacs with a variety of functions

Answer 28

Vaacuoles

Question 29

Plant Vacuoles

Answer 29

They break down wastes

Question 30

Contractile Vacuoles

Answer 30

Remove excess water from the cell

Question 31

Peroxisomes

Answer 31

Contain enzymes that help transfer hydrogen from other compounds to oxygen

Question 32

Breaks down fatty acid molecules

Answer 32

Peroxisomes

Question 33

Synthesize phospholipids

Answer 33

Peroxisomes

Question 34

Degrade alcohol in yeast cells; detoxify toxic compounds in human liver and kidney cells

Answer 34

Peroxisomes

Question 35

Can convert stored fats to sugars in plant seeds

Answer 35

Peroxisomes

Question 36

Break down Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2

Answer 36

Peroxisomes

Question 37

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 37

Converts the chemical energy in certain foods to ATP

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

Makes ATP and breaks down sugar

Question 39

Apotosis

Answer 39

Cell death

Question 40

Chlorophyll

Answer 40

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 41

Stroma

Answer 41

Fluid filled that contains enzymes that produce carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O

Question 42

Chloroplasts

Answer 42

Convert light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis

Question 43

Has interconnected set of thylakoids arrangeed in stacks, suspended in the stroma.

Answer 43

Chloroplasts

Question 44

Thylakoid Membrane

Answer 44

Encloses the thylakoid lumen, in which chlorophyll molecules absorb energy from sunlight

Question 45

Plastids

Answer 45

Organelles that produce and store food materials in cells of plants

Question 46

Microtubles

Answer 46

Function in cytoskeleton structure in movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 47

Microtubles consist of two forms of the protein:

Answer 47

A-tublin and B-tublin

Question 48

Structural Microtuble-Associated Proteins (MAPs)

Answer 48

Regulate microtubule assembly, and cross link microtubles to other ctytoskeletal polymers

Question 49

Kinesin

Answer 49

Moves organelles toward the plus end of a microtubule

Question 50

Dynein

Answer 50

Moves organelles toward the minus end

Question 51

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 51

Help unicellular and small multicellular organisms move through a watery enviornment

Question 52

Microfilaments

Answer 52

Made of actin and mycin. Provide support for cell structures

Question 53

Glycocalyx

Answer 53

Covering on cell that identifies the cell

Question 54

The cells of most bacteria, archea, fungi, and plants are surrounded by \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 54

Cell Wall

Question 55

Plant cell walls contain

Answer 55

Cellulose