Chapter 10

Question 1

gases

Answer 1

-compressible, lots of space between molecules
-random motion, homogenous
kinetic energy is temp dependent
-collisions are purely elastic for IDEAL gases

Question 2

volume

Answer 2

L=Liters

Question 3

temperatrure

Answer 3

K=kelvin

Question 4

pressure

Answer 4

atm=atmospheres

Question 5

moles

Answer 5

n=mols

Question 6

STP

Answer 6

if a gas is @ 1atm and 273K, one mol of that gas will occupy 22.4L

Question 7

simple gas laws

Answer 7

always 2 sets of conditions changing, 2 sets of conditions that are constant (P,V,T,mols)

Question 8

boyles law

Answer 8

P1V1=P2V2

@constant T and mols

Question 9

charles law

Answer 9

V1/T1=V2/T2

@constant P and n

Question 10

amonton’s law

Answer 10

P1/T1=P2/T2

@constant V and n

Question 11

combined gas law

Answer 11

P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

@constant moles

Question 12

avogadros law

Answer 12

V1/n1=V2/n2

@constant P and T

Question 13

ideal gas law (Rydberg Constant)

Answer 13

@STP=R=PV/nT (1atm(22.4L)/1mol(273K))
R= 0.082Latm/molK
PV=nRT

Question 14

molecular mass ideal gas law

Answer 14

PV=mass/mmRT

mols=mass/molecular mass

Question 15

density ideal gas law

Answer 15

P=dRT/mm

Question 16

molarity ideal gas law

Answer 16

P=MRT

Question 17

dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 17

mixtures, each gas has its own partial pressure which contributes to the total pressure
Ptotal=Pgas1+Pgas2+Pgas3…
(Partial pressures)

Question 18

moles and pressure are ____ related to each other

Answer 18

directly

meaning that if you have more moles of gas you have a higher pressure of that gas

Question 19

if something says collected over water it means…

Answer 19

Ptotal=Pgas1+PH2O(g)

Question 20

mole fraction

Answer 20

Pgas1=Xgas1 Ptotal

Question 21

root mean square velocity

Answer 21

allows us to relate a gas to a specific root mean square as opposed to a distribution of velocities (V)
square root(3RT/mm)
mm=molecular mass
T=temperature in kelvin
R=8.134J/molK

Question 22

graham’s law

Answer 22

diffusion/effusion

Question 23

diffusion

Answer 23

how long it takes for a gas to be evenly distributed throughout a vessel

Question 24

effusion

Answer 24

similar but the vessel is segmented into two parts separated by a tiny hole

Question 25

real gases (non-ideal gases)

Answer 25

(P+n2a/V)(V-nb)=nRT avalue=corrects for attractive forces since gas collisions are not purely elastic...corrects the pressure bvalue=corrects for the fact that gaseous molecules are 3D, take-up space, and have their own volume...corrects for the volume of vessel

Question 26

a-value deviation (negative)

Answer 26

due to attraction forces CO2(g) dispersion (strong)

Question 27

b-value deviation (positive)

Answer 27

due to atomic/molecular size of the gas