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Flashcards in Chapter 10 Deck (12)
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1
Q

Causal Inductive Arguments

A

(inductive Argument)
cause and effect.
the conclusion is a type of even that causes another.
ex: Exercising causes sweating.

2
Q

Other causal claims words and expressions that are used

A
  • C produced E
  • C was responsible for E
  • C brought about E
  • C led to E
  • C was a factor behind E
  • C created E
  • C influenced E
3
Q

Correlation

A

positive correlation and negative correlation. If you have one thing, you may also have another thing. BUT this one thing doesn’t cause the other thing..
ex: eating fatty food is correlated with bad teeth. Bad teeth is caused by eating fatty food.

4
Q

Difference between causal and correlation

A

causation is NOT the same as correlation.

5
Q

Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE)

A

(Inductive Argument)

hypothesis is inferred from some data(evidence) for the best explanation of that data.

6
Q

Plausibility

A

with all the data(evidence) that there is. It is even possible that the conclusion is probable?
judged by common knowledge or scientific theory.

7
Q

Ad hoc Hypothesis

A

is when you add another hypothesis into account only to save another hypothesis from counter evidence and having no independent claim to plausibility.

8
Q

Falsifiability

A

Can the conclusion be considered false? it’s cogent if it can be considered falsifiable.

ex: I plugged in the outlet for the toaster, then the toaster worked = not falsifiable.
ex: X doesn’t like his kids, wife beater, therefor, set house on fire = falsifiable. Not set in stone that he actually did it.
- does not mean that it’s false!!

9
Q

explanatory power (of a hypothesis)

A

one hypothesis is more powerful then the other if it has more data(evidence) then the others.

10
Q

Simplicity (of a hypothesis)

A

One hypothesis is simpler than another if it requires fewer supplementary assumptions and polite entries than the other.

11
Q

IBE from

A
  1. D exists
  2. H1 would explain D
  3. H1 is the best available explanation of D
  4. therefore, probably, H1 is true.
12
Q

another name for IBE

A

abductive argument.