Chapter 10: Genetic Engineering Flashcards
(33 cards)
Which of the following best describes genetic engineering?
A- Introducing foreign DNA into adult tissue cells
B- Manipulating DNA molecules to alter their composition
C- Modifying the number of genes in an animal’s cells
D- Changing the phenotype of an animal
B- Manipulating DNA molecules to alter their composition
______________________ refers to introducing additional DNA into the genome of an animal.
Transgenesis
True or False
Most genes are specific to one species and are not found in animals of another species or genus.
False
Name two major differences between pronuclear injection and gene-targeted mutation.
1- With pronuclear injection, fragments of DNA are integrated into random locations on the chromosomes; in gene-targeted mutation, the fragment integrates at a specific location
2- With pronuclear injection, many copies of the transgene may integrate into the genes; In gene-targeted mutation, only one transgene copy is integrated
List the standard types of access to a mouse breeding room
1- Full access
2- Limited access
3- Barrier
Which observation should be made when a female has pups?
A- The condition of the nest
B- Whether the dam is lying on top of the pups
C- How many pups were born
D- All of the above
D- All of the above
True or False
Pronuclear injection provides the scientist with a more specific tool than gene-targeted mutation for placement of the transgene.
False
List three ways that phenotype may be assessed.
1- Clinical examination, to evaluate the animal’s general physical condition
2- Assessment of reproductive performance and fertility
3- Neurological tests, to evaluate motor and sensory functions
4- Behavioral tests to evaluate one or more specific types of behavior that indicate a phenotypical effect
5- Physiological test, to assess data from multiple physiological parameters
6- Imaging techniques, to gather data using non-invasive technology
7- Necropsy and histopathology studies, to evaluate specific tissues of interest
8- Clinical chemistry, to evaluate function of the various organ systems
List common stressors that may disrupt a recipient female’s care of the pups.
1- Cage disturbances
2- Loud and/or sudden noises
3- Vibrations
4- Lighting changes (both intensity and light cycle)
5- Personnel changes
What are the possible combinations that coupled produce an animal homozygous for a transgene?
A- Neither parent had the transgene
B- Only one parent had the transgene
C- Both parents were hemizygous
D- Both parents were homozygous
E- One parent was hemizygous and the other did not have the transgene
F- One parent was homozygous and the other one did not have the transgene
G- One parent was homozygous and the other was hemizygous
C- Both parents were hemizygous
D- Both parents were homozygous
G- One parent was homozygous and the other was hemizygous
What is the purpose of mating a female with a vasectomized male?
To induce pseudopregnancy
Yes or No
Will all the offspring of two hemizygous parents inherit at least a copy of the transgene?
No
The transgene is inserted at random in the gene with which genetic engineering technique: pronuclear injection or gene-targeted mutation.
Pronuclear injection
An animal that contains a targeted section of new DNA that was designed to change a specific gene is called a _____________; an animal that has a fragment of DNA inserted to prevent a gene product from being expressed is called a __________________.
Knockin ; Knock out
List a reason why mice from inbred lines are preferred for producing transgenics.
It is easier to identify phenotypic changes in mice that originally have identical phenotypes
In creating a chimera, why is it recommended to use embryonic stem cells from a strain of a different coat color than the strain used to provide the blastocyst?
The coat color makes it possible to identify the chimeras by differences in their phenotype as compared to their parent strains
True or False
Obtaining chimeras that have patches of fur of different colors is a clear indication that there is germline transmission of the gene-targeted mutation.
False
Name the four types of animals needed for the production of transgenic animals.
1- Egg donor (superovulated) females
2- Embryo recipient females (pseudopregnant females)
3- Stud males
4- Vasectomized (sterile) males (dud)
Which sequence of steps should be followed to prepare females for producing blastocysts in the development of gene-targeted animals?
A- 1. Inject PMSG 2. Mate the stud male 3. Inject hCG 4. Harvest embryo
B- 1. Mate with vasectomized male 2. Inject PMSG 3. Inject hCG 4. Harvest embryo
C- 1. Inject PMSG 2. Inject hCG 3. Mate with stud male 4. Harvest embryo
D- 1. Inject PMSG 2. Inject hCG 3. Mate with vasectomized male 4. Harvest embryo
C- 1. Inject PMSG 2. Inject hCG 3. Mate with stud male 4. Harvest embryo
What method is used to cause recipient females to become pseudopregnant?
Copulation with vasectomized males (duds)
What term means pups resulting from pronuclear injection?
Founders
What term means pups produced by gene-targeted mutation?
Chimeras
What term means drug that induces labor?
Oxytocin
What term means difficult labor?
Dystocia
