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LATG > Chapter 16: Pharmacology > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of how a drug or compound is handled by the body is called _________________.

A

Pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

What are the four “hows” of formulary dosage?

A

1- How much
2- How given
3- How often
4- How long

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3
Q

True or False
The intended outcome of the therapeutic dose is to produce the desired pharmacological effect without producing toxicity.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False
A drug that is given intravenously must be absorbed by tissues before reaching the bloodstream

A

False

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5
Q

True or False
In intraperitoneal injection, the drug has to absorbed through the peritoneum and be taken up by the capillaries before it even enters the bloodstream

A

True

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6
Q

True or False
Oral administration is the fastest route to reach its peak concentration.

A

False

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7
Q

True or False
A drug given intravenously generally reaches its site of action quicker than one given intramuscularly.

A

True

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8
Q

What are the four processes involved with how a drug is handled by the body, which are known but the acronym ADME?

A

1- Absorption
2- Distribution
3- Metabolism
4- Excretion

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9
Q

The peak effect of a drug occurs fastest with which route of administration?

A

Intravenous injection

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10
Q

The breakdown products of drugs are called __________________.

A

Metabolites

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11
Q

What does the actual blood concentration of a drug depend on?

A

The dose, administration site, and rates of absorption, distribution, and excretion

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12
Q

True or False
The time of day the drug is administered does not matter.

A

False

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13
Q

A capsule is an example of a ______________________ formulation.

A

Controlled-release

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14
Q

True or False
Excretion of drugs may occur through the milk.

A

True

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15
Q

Which of the following is a benefit of multimodal therapy?
A- Multiple sites of action lead to better clinical outcome
B- There is a reduced likelihood of adverse effects
C- Lower doses may be used for the same effect
D- All of the above

A

D- All of the above

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16
Q

What term describes one drug diminishes or reverses the effect of another?

A

Antagonism

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17
Q

What term refers to the relative safety of a drug?

A

Therapeutic index

18
Q

What term refers to response is more than the sum of the drugs given separately?

A

Synergism

19
Q

What term refers to one drug increases th effect of another?

A

Potentiation

20
Q

What term refers to response is equal to the sum of the drugs given separately?

A

Additive effect

21
Q

What are the two major organs involved in the excretion of drugs?

A

1- Liver
2- Kidneys

22
Q

Name two ways the animal’s gender that may influence the frug response.

A

1- Hormone levels
2- Pregnancy effect on the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs

23
Q

Tamoxifen is an example of a drug whose efficiency is dependent upon:
A- Route of admnistration
B- Time of day
C- The species being dosed
D- The sex of the animal

A

B- Time of day

24
Q

Why is it important to follow the same schedule for drug administration for all animals in the study?

A

Because there are changes in body activity during the day which can cause a variation in rates of absorption, distribution, and metabolism

25
Q

What is the branch of the U.S. government that regulates human and animal drug use?
A- Drug Enforcement Agency
B- United States Department of Agriculture
C- Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare
D- Food and Drug Administration

A

D- Food and Drug Administration

26
Q

Is Advil a generic name or a trade name?

A

Trade name

27
Q

Is ibuprofen a generic name or trade name?

A

Generic name

28
Q

What does it mean when a drug is used “off-label”?
A- The drug has a nonproprietary name
B- The drug is used in a way not specified in the FDA package insert
C- The drug is expired
D- The drug is not approved by the FDA

A

B- The drug us used in a way not specified in the FDA package insert

29
Q

Which schedule of drugs has the most potential for addiction according to the Drug Enforcement Agency?

A

Schedule I

30
Q

What is the difference between pharmaceutical grade and non pharmaceutical grade drugs?

A

A pharmaceutical grade drug has been approved for use in the US by the FDA

31
Q

For an antibiotic, the term spectrum refers to:
A- The length of time the drug remains active in the body
B- The type of organisms it is effective against
C- The drug’s absorption properties
D- The range of dosages deemed effective

A

B- The type of organisms it is effective against

32
Q

True or False
Among antibiotics, Aminoglycosides have the least serious side effects.

A

False

33
Q

A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is used to overcome:
A- The toxic effects of penicillin
B- The bacterial resistance to penicillin
C- The synergy between the penicillins
D- The objectionable taste of the drug

A

B- The bacterial resistance to penicillin

34
Q

Explain why penicillin should not be used in guinea pigs and hamsters.

A

Penicillins can cause potentially fatal enterotoxemia.

35
Q

True or False
Ivermectin should always be given orally.

A

False

36
Q

Pinworms can be eliminated in rodents by using _____________________ as a food additive in rodent chow.

A

Fenbendazole

37
Q

True or False
Administering trimethoprim and sulfamethzine together has a synergistic effect

A

True

38
Q

What compounds are produced from chrysanthemum plants that can be used to treat external parasites?

A

Pyrethrins

39
Q

What best describes a polyvalent vaccine?
A- It is effective in many species
B- It protects against multiple diseases
C- It comes in combination with other drugs
D- It must be given in several doses over a period of time

A

B- It protects against multiple diseases

40
Q

Name three types of information technicians should always check when picking up a vial containing a commercial drug preparation before its use.

A

1- Drug name
2- Strength
3- Expiration date

LATG (22 decks)

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