Chapter 16: Pharmacology

Question 1

The study of how a drug or compound is handled by the body is called _________________.

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

What are the four “hows” of formulary dosage?

Answer 2

1- How much
2- How given
3- How often
4- How long

Question 3

True or False
The intended outcome of the therapeutic dose is to produce the desired pharmacological effect without producing toxicity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False
A drug that is given intravenously must be absorbed by tissues before reaching the bloodstream

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True or False
In intraperitoneal injection, the drug has to absorbed through the peritoneum and be taken up by the capillaries before it even enters the bloodstream

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False
Oral administration is the fastest route to reach its peak concentration.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or False
A drug given intravenously generally reaches its site of action quicker than one given intramuscularly.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the four processes involved with how a drug is handled by the body, which are known but the acronym ADME?

Answer 8

1- Absorption
2- Distribution
3- Metabolism
4- Excretion

Question 9

The peak effect of a drug occurs fastest with which route of administration?

Answer 9

Intravenous injection

Question 10

The breakdown products of drugs are called __________________.

Answer 10

Metabolites

Question 11

What does the actual blood concentration of a drug depend on?

Answer 11

The dose, administration site, and rates of absorption, distribution, and excretion

Question 12

True or False
The time of day the drug is administered does not matter.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

A capsule is an example of a ______________________ formulation.

Answer 13

Controlled-release

Question 14

True or False
Excretion of drugs may occur through the milk.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Which of the following is a benefit of multimodal therapy?
A- Multiple sites of action lead to better clinical outcome
B- There is a reduced likelihood of adverse effects
C- Lower doses may be used for the same effect
D- All of the above

Answer 15

D- All of the above

Question 16

What term describes one drug diminishes or reverses the effect of another?

Answer 16

Antagonism

Question 17

What term refers to the relative safety of a drug?

Answer 17

Therapeutic index

Question 18

What term refers to response is more than the sum of the drugs given separately?

Answer 18

Synergism

Question 19

What term refers to one drug increases th effect of another?

Answer 19

Potentiation

Question 20

What term refers to response is equal to the sum of the drugs given separately?

Answer 20

Additive effect

Question 21

What are the two major organs involved in the excretion of drugs?

Answer 21

1- Liver
2- Kidneys

Question 22

Name two ways the animal’s gender that may influence the frug response.

Answer 22

1- Hormone levels
2- Pregnancy effect on the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of drugs

Question 23

Tamoxifen is an example of a drug whose efficiency is dependent upon:
A- Route of admnistration
B- Time of day
C- The species being dosed
D- The sex of the animal

Answer 23

B- Time of day

Question 24

Why is it important to follow the same schedule for drug administration for all animals in the study?

Answer 24

Because there are changes in body activity during the day which can cause a variation in rates of absorption, distribution, and metabolism

Question 25

What is the branch of the U.S. government that regulates human and animal drug use? A- Drug Enforcement Agency B- United States Department of Agriculture C- Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare D- Food and Drug Administration

Answer 25

D- Food and Drug Administration

Question 26

Is Advil a generic name or a trade name?

Answer 26

Trade name

Question 27

Is ibuprofen a generic name or trade name?

Answer 27

Generic name

Question 28

What does it mean when a drug is used “off-label”? A- The drug has a nonproprietary name B- The drug is used in a way not specified in the FDA package insert C- The drug is expired D- The drug is not approved by the FDA

Answer 28

B- The drug us used in a way not specified in the FDA package insert

Question 29

Which schedule of drugs has the most potential for addiction according to the Drug Enforcement Agency?

Answer 29

Schedule I

Question 30

What is the difference between pharmaceutical grade and non pharmaceutical grade drugs?

Answer 30

A pharmaceutical grade drug has been approved for use in the US by the FDA

Question 31

For an antibiotic, the term spectrum refers to: A- The length of time the drug remains active in the body B- The type of organisms it is effective against C- The drug’s absorption properties D- The range of dosages deemed effective

Answer 31

B- The type of organisms it is effective against

Question 32

True or False Among antibiotics, Aminoglycosides have the least serious side effects.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is used to overcome: A- The toxic effects of penicillin B- The bacterial resistance to penicillin C- The synergy between the penicillins D- The objectionable taste of the drug

Answer 33

B- The bacterial resistance to penicillin

Question 34

Explain why penicillin should not be used in guinea pigs and hamsters.

Answer 34

Penicillins can cause potentially fatal enterotoxemia.

Question 35

True or False Ivermectin should always be given orally.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Pinworms can be eliminated in rodents by using _____________________ as a food additive in rodent chow.

Answer 36

Fenbendazole

Question 37

True or False Administering trimethoprim and sulfamethzine together has a synergistic effect

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What compounds are produced from chrysanthemum plants that can be used to treat external parasites?

Answer 38

Pyrethrins

Question 39

What best describes a polyvalent vaccine? A- It is effective in many species B- It protects against multiple diseases C- It comes in combination with other drugs D- It must be given in several doses over a period of time

Answer 39

B- It protects against multiple diseases

Question 40

Name three types of information technicians should always check when picking up a vial containing a commercial drug preparation before its use.

Answer 40

1- Drug name 2- Strength 3- Expiration date