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LATG > Chapter 12: Immunology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 reasons that the immune system can be overwhelmed allowing infection to lead to disease.

A

1- The infectious load is high
2- The virulence of the microbe is great
3- The immune system is compromised

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2
Q

What is another name for acquired immunity?

A

Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

In immunology, the term “attenuated” is often used. Which of the following best describes its meaning?
A- Originating from the outside
B- Weakened
C- Incapable of reproduction
D- Disease-causing

A

B- Weakened

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4
Q

True or False
The same MHC proteins are found in all the animals of the same species.

A

False

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5
Q

What chemical messenger do macrophages and granulocytes release to escalate the immune response?
A- Alpha interferon
B- Cytokines
C- Lysosomes
D- MHC proteins

A

B- Cytokines

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6
Q

From the list of terms, which ones are associated with innate immune system? There may be more than one answer.
1- T lymphocytes
2- Interferon
3- Antibody
4- Unbroken skin
5- High acidity in the stomach
6- Plasma cells

A

2- Interferon
4- Unbroken skin
5- High acidity in the stomach

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7
Q

From the list of terms, which ones are associated with acquired immune system? There may be more than one answer.
1- T lymphocytes
2- Interferon
3- Antibody
4- Unbroken skin
5- High acidity in the stomach
6- Plasma cells

A

1- T lymphocytes
3- Antibody
6- Plasma cells

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8
Q

True or False
An animal’s innate immune system is functional even if the animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance.

A

True

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9
Q

True or False
The acquired immune response only develops in response to a specific antigen.

A

True

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10
Q

Antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?

A

B cells and plasma cells

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11
Q

What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance?

A

1- Recognition
2- Amplification
3- Resolution

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12
Q

What two types of molecules participate in the acquired immune response? Select all that apply
A- Macrophages
B- Fibroblasts
C- B cells
D- T cells
E- Erythrocytes
F- Dendritic cells

A

A- Macrophages
C- B cells
D- T cells
F- Dendritic cells

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true of phagocytes? Choose all that apply.
A- They secrete antibodies
B- They engulf foreign materials
C- They have more than one nucleus
D- They are a component of the acquired immune system

A

B- They engulf foreign materials
D- They are a component of the acquired immune system

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14
Q

Which cells secrete specialized factors that carry messages to other immune system cells?

A

Helper T cells

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15
Q

True or False
Each antibody molecule can bind several different kinds of antigens.

A

False

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16
Q

What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?

A

IgM

17
Q

Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that destroy foreign materials that were engulfed by phagocytic cells?

A

Lysosomes

18
Q

Describe two ways by which active immunity can develop.

A

1- Following exposure to an infectious agent
2- After inoculation with the attenuated or killed infectious agent

19
Q

During which phase of an immune response do the antibodies become detectable in the serum?

A

The log phase

20
Q

What is the term for the secondary immune response?

A

Anamnestic response

21
Q

List two advantages associated with using dead viruses in vaccines.

A

1- They cannot cause disease
2- They are generally more stable

22
Q

What is the term used to describe an animal with a normal immune system?

A

Immunocompetent

23
Q

Name three ways by which an individual can naturally acquire an immune disease.

A

1- Inherit it
2- Acquire it through infection or illness
3- As a side effect of some drug treatment

24
Q

AIDS is an example of:
A- A primary immunodeficiency disease
B- A secondary immunodeficiency disease
C- An immune hypersensitivity
D- A chorionic immune complex disease

A

B- A secondary immunodeficiency disease

25
Q

True or False
When a defect in immune response is inherited, it is referred to as a primary immunodeficiency disease.

A

True

26
Q

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is an immunodeficiency virus that affects animals belonging to which species?
A- Cats
B- Nonhuman primates
C- Rodents
D- Rabbits

A

B- Nonhuman primates

27
Q

Which cell populations are lacking in SCID mice?
A- T cells and B cells
B- T cells and null cells
C- B cells and macrophages
D- Macrophages and T cells

A

A- T cells and B cells

28
Q

Which of the following precautions should be taken when housing immunodeficient mice? Choose all that apply
A- They should be given sterilized feed and water
B- They should not be cross-bred with other immunodeficient mice
C- They should be kept in an air-filtered environment
D- They should be handled aseptically
E- The husbandry chores for these animals should be done after all other animals are cared for to prevent their disease from spreading in the general animal population
F- Cage changing should be done in a laminar flow work station

A

A- They should be given sterilized feed and water
C- They should be kept in an air-filtered environment
D- They should be handled aseptically
F- Cage changing should be done in a laminar flow work station

29
Q

Name three examples of immune hypersensitivity.

A

1- Allergies
2- Asthma
3- Autoimmune disease

30
Q

Which of the following conditions are autoimmune disease? Choose all that apply
A- Rheumatoid arthritis
B- Hypertension
C- Systemic lupus erythmatosus
D- Duodenal ulcer
E- Lactose intolerance

A

A- Rheumatoid arthritis
C- Systemic lupus erythmatosus

31
Q

What is the term you would use to describe a graft transplanted between individuals of the same species?

A

Allograft

32
Q

What is self-recognition?

A

The recognition of cells and tissues as self or foreign

33
Q

What are epitopes?
A- Sites in the body where immune system cells are produced
B- Fragment of an antigen bound to a molecule
C- Sites where antibodies are produced
D- Immune reactions that occur in the extracellular fluids in tissues

A

B- Fragment of an antigen bound to a molecule

34
Q

True or False
Antigenicity is the degree to which an antigen can induce an immune response.

A

True

35
Q

True or False
A passive immunization allows for permanent resistance to an antigen.

A

False

36
Q

True or False
Radiation exposure can cause immunosuppression.

A

True

LATG (22 decks)

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