Chapter 12: Immunology

Question 1

Name 3 reasons that the immune system can be overwhelmed allowing infection to lead to disease.

Answer 1

1- The infectious load is high
2- The virulence of the microbe is great
3- The immune system is compromised

Question 2

What is another name for acquired immunity?

Answer 2

Adaptive immunity

Question 3

In immunology, the term “attenuated” is often used. Which of the following best describes its meaning?
A- Originating from the outside
B- Weakened
C- Incapable of reproduction
D- Disease-causing

Answer 3

B- Weakened

Question 4

True or False
The same MHC proteins are found in all the animals of the same species.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What chemical messenger do macrophages and granulocytes release to escalate the immune response?
A- Alpha interferon
B- Cytokines
C- Lysosomes
D- MHC proteins

Answer 5

B- Cytokines

Question 6

From the list of terms, which ones are associated with innate immune system? There may be more than one answer.
1- T lymphocytes
2- Interferon
3- Antibody
4- Unbroken skin
5- High acidity in the stomach
6- Plasma cells

Answer 6

2- Interferon
4- Unbroken skin
5- High acidity in the stomach

Question 7

From the list of terms, which ones are associated with acquired immune system? There may be more than one answer.
1- T lymphocytes
2- Interferon
3- Antibody
4- Unbroken skin
5- High acidity in the stomach
6- Plasma cells

Answer 7

1- T lymphocytes
3- Antibody
6- Plasma cells

Question 8

True or False
An animal’s innate immune system is functional even if the animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False
The acquired immune response only develops in response to a specific antigen.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?

Answer 10

B cells and plasma cells

Question 11

What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance?

Answer 11

1- Recognition
2- Amplification
3- Resolution

Question 12

What two types of molecules participate in the acquired immune response? Select all that apply
A- Macrophages
B- Fibroblasts
C- B cells
D- T cells
E- Erythrocytes
F- Dendritic cells

Answer 12

A- Macrophages
C- B cells
D- T cells
F- Dendritic cells

Question 13

Which of the following statements is/are true of phagocytes? Choose all that apply.
A- They secrete antibodies
B- They engulf foreign materials
C- They have more than one nucleus
D- They are a component of the acquired immune system

Answer 13

B- They engulf foreign materials
D- They are a component of the acquired immune system

Question 14

Which cells secrete specialized factors that carry messages to other immune system cells?

Answer 14

Helper T cells

Question 15

True or False
Each antibody molecule can bind several different kinds of antigens.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?

Answer 16

IgM

Question 17

Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that destroy foreign materials that were engulfed by phagocytic cells?

Answer 17

Lysosomes

Question 18

Describe two ways by which active immunity can develop.

Answer 18

1- Following exposure to an infectious agent
2- After inoculation with the attenuated or killed infectious agent

Question 19

During which phase of an immune response do the antibodies become detectable in the serum?

Answer 19

The log phase

Question 20

What is the term for the secondary immune response?

Answer 20

Anamnestic response

Question 21

List two advantages associated with using dead viruses in vaccines.

Answer 21

1- They cannot cause disease
2- They are generally more stable

Question 22

What is the term used to describe an animal with a normal immune system?

Answer 22

Immunocompetent

Question 23

Name three ways by which an individual can naturally acquire an immune disease.

Answer 23

1- Inherit it
2- Acquire it through infection or illness
3- As a side effect of some drug treatment

Question 24

AIDS is an example of:
A- A primary immunodeficiency disease
B- A secondary immunodeficiency disease
C- An immune hypersensitivity
D- A chorionic immune complex disease

Answer 24

B- A secondary immunodeficiency disease

Question 25

True or False When a defect in immune response is inherited, it is referred to as a primary immunodeficiency disease.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is an immunodeficiency virus that affects animals belonging to which species? A- Cats B- Nonhuman primates C- Rodents D- Rabbits

Answer 26

B- Nonhuman primates

Question 27

Which cell populations are lacking in SCID mice? A- T cells and B cells B- T cells and null cells C- B cells and macrophages D- Macrophages and T cells

Answer 27

A- T cells and B cells

Question 28

Which of the following precautions should be taken when housing immunodeficient mice? Choose all that apply A- They should be given sterilized feed and water B- They should not be cross-bred with other immunodeficient mice C- They should be kept in an air-filtered environment D- They should be handled aseptically E- The husbandry chores for these animals should be done after all other animals are cared for to prevent their disease from spreading in the general animal population F- Cage changing should be done in a laminar flow work station

Answer 28

A- They should be given sterilized feed and water C- They should be kept in an air-filtered environment D- They should be handled aseptically F- Cage changing should be done in a laminar flow work station

Question 29

Name three examples of immune hypersensitivity.

Answer 29

1- Allergies 2- Asthma 3- Autoimmune disease

Question 30

Which of the following conditions are autoimmune disease? Choose all that apply A- Rheumatoid arthritis B- Hypertension C- Systemic lupus erythmatosus D- Duodenal ulcer E- Lactose intolerance

Answer 30

A- Rheumatoid arthritis C- Systemic lupus erythmatosus

Question 31

What is the term you would use to describe a graft transplanted between individuals of the same species?

Answer 31

Allograft

Question 32

What is self-recognition?

Answer 32

The recognition of cells and tissues as self or foreign

Question 33

What are epitopes? A- Sites in the body where immune system cells are produced B- Fragment of an antigen bound to a molecule C- Sites where antibodies are produced D- Immune reactions that occur in the extracellular fluids in tissues

Answer 33

B- Fragment of an antigen bound to a molecule

Question 34

True or False Antigenicity is the degree to which an antigen can induce an immune response.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or False A passive immunization allows for permanent resistance to an antigen.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

True or False Radiation exposure can cause immunosuppression.

Answer 36

True