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LATG > Chapter 9: Molecular Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Molecular Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.

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2
Q

What term matches: The actual physical or behavioral characteristics of an organism?

A

Phenotype

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3
Q

What term matches: Cells that have single chromosomes not paired

A

Haploid

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4
Q

What term matches: A permanent change in DNA sequence of a gene

A

Mutation

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5
Q

What term matches: Cells that have chromosomes that are paired

A

Diploid

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6
Q

What term matches: The genetic make-up of an organism

A

Genotype

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7
Q

The number of genes in diploid cells of mice is estimated to be about ________.
A- 20
B- 40
C- 3000
D- 30000

A

D- 30000

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8
Q

A molecule that is comprised of a series of chemical subunits that are linked together is called a:
A- Repeating sequence
B- Polymer
C- Building block
D-Pairing molecule

A

B- Polymer

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9
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

A

1- A sugar
2- A nitrogen-containing base
3- A phosphate group

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10
Q

What are the four bases found in DNA?

A

1- Adenine (A)
2- Guanine (G)
3- Cytosine (C)
4- Thymine (T)

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11
Q

Which base is paired with adenine in the DNA molecule?

A

Thymine (T)

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12
Q

Name three major differences between the structure and the chemical makeup of DNA and RNA.

A

1- The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose
2- In eukaryotes, DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded
3- One of the bases in DNA is Thymine. In RNA, it is replaced by Uracil

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13
Q

What is the product of replication?

A

DNA

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14
Q

What is the product of transcription?

A

RNA

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15
Q

What is the product of translation?

A

Protein

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16
Q

Where does replication take place?
A- In the nucleus
B- Within the nuclear membrane
C- In the lysosomes
D- In the ribosomes

A

A- In the nucleus

17
Q

The product of transcription is a molecule of ______.

A

RNA

18
Q

Which of the following statements best describes mRNA?
A- It contains all the cell’s genetic information
B- It carries the cell’s genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
C- It provides the chemicals necessary to construct the ribosomes
D- It is generally double-stranded

A

B- It carries the cell’s genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

19
Q

Proteins can be detected in a biological sample using the ____________ test.
A- Western blot
B- Northern blot
C- Southern blot
D- Eastern blot

A

A- Western blot

20
Q

Which of the following techniques is used to clone DNA?
A- Western blot
B- Transcription
C- Translation
D- Polymerase chain reaction

A

D- Polymerase chain reaction

21
Q

________________ is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits into two identical cells.

A

Mitosis

22
Q

_________________ is a form of cell division that ovaries and testes undergo during the process of sexual reproduction.

A

Meiosis

LATG (22 decks)

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