Chapter 10 LECTURE 5 PART II Flashcards by Fatima Avila

ADOLESCENT THINKING: Hypothetical Thought
-What does it include?
-What do they transform?
-What can they come up with?
-Example?

-reasoning that uses propositions & possibilities that may not reflect reality
-perceptions
-their own understandings and reasonings
-“What if…” situations

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ADOLESCENT THINKING: Deductive Reasoning
-What does it involve?
-What is it also called?
-Example?

-reasoning, from a general statement (or principle), through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics
-Top-down reasoning
-Looking at a bigger picture and reducing it into smaller parts

EXAMPLE: “All humans need oxygen to live” (general) –> “If an astronaut loses oxygen in space, they won’t survive” (specific)

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ADOLESCENT THINKING: Inductive Reasoning
-What does it involve?
-They may be less what?
-What is it also called?
-Example?

-reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion –> looking at smaller parts and then making it into a bigger picture
-less cognitively advanced than deduction
-bottom-up reasoning

EXAMPLE: “Every pop quiz in math has been hard.” (specific) –> “All future pop quizzes in math will probably be hard.” (general)

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What is the major task of the adolescence?

Achieving a stable self-identity

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What can the process of identity exploration lead to?

role confusion

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What should family offer?
-How can they do this?

-support and guidance
-by giving adolescents freedom to discover their own interests

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What two things do they develop?

social skills and cognitive reasoning

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-How should they define themselves?

a unique individual in terms of roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What may the adolescent try? Why?

-various social roles
-in effort to find themselves

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-What occurs with previous stages?
-Example?

-they resurface

EXAMPLE:
1. They must TRUST themselves & others, while also seeking independence from parents
2. They use INITIATIVE as they search for direction & purpose
3. They use INDUSTRY as they contemplate vocations, social/recreational choices

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ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
-The extent to which the earlier tasks were completed successfully predicts what?

the success of the current developmental stage

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AREAS OF IDENTITY
-What are the 4 different types of identity?

Religious
Political
Ethnic
Gender

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Religious Identity
-Most adolescents accept what?
-What may be questioned?

-broad outlines of parental & cultural religious identity
-specific religious beliefs

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Political Identity
-More 21st century adolescents identify as ____ than any other group
-They are more ____ than parents, with what?

-independent
-liberal; with major political shifts usually occuring later

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AREAS OF IDENTITY
-What do most adolescents identify with?

Their ethnicity

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Ethnicity Identity
-Was it discussed by Erikson?
-Few ____ parents discuss what with their children?
-Adolescents must figure out what without parental help?
-Peers help sort through what?

-No
-White; race and ethnicity
-ethnic identity
-stereotypes, resistance, and achievement

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What does biological sex refer to?

physical and genetic traits assigned at birth

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-When does gender identity start to develop?

around preschool age (3)

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What does gender refer to?
-A person’s _____ of the _____ and _____ that society associates with the ________ categories of male and female

-the social genetic factors that differentiate males, females, and nonbinary individuals
-acceptance; roles and behaviors; biological

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AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-Erikson’s term “sexual identity” has been replaced by what

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gender identity

AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What is used to question gender expression?

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analytic, hypothetical thinking

AREAS OF IDENTITY: Gender Identity
-What is cisgender?

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people whose gender identity is the same as their natal sex

KOHLBERG
-What stage is the adolescent in according to him?

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Postconventional stage of moral judgement

KOHLBERG
-What is the early adolescent motivated by?

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The need to conform and please others

**KOHLBERG** -In later adolescence, what are moral principles based on? -They equate what is right with the idea of what?

-One's own individual thinking and beliefs -Justice

**SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA** -Substance abuse is among what?

the three major causes of death in adolescence

**SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA** -What 3 things is substance abuse determined by?

1. Biology 2. Psychology 3. Social conditions & pressures

**SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA** -Early use of alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes increases what? -What can these things cause?

-the risks associated with such use -long-term damage

**SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA** -What does smokeless tobacco involve?

-flavored flat strips (of finely ground tobacco) placed in the mouth, along the gumline or under the lower lip of the lower jaw

**SUBSTANCE ABUSE & SOCIAL MEDIA** -In terms of social media, what is available to the adolescent? -What are 3 things that can occur?

-Adult content, violence, ads for potentially harmful substances that can be abused 1. Child porn 2. Sexting 3. Cyberbullying

**DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY** -Adolescents look forward to what? Why?

-Challenges because it delivers a sense of independence

**DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY** -How can independence in transportation be achieved?

by riding a bicycle or driving a car

**DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY** -Skills in what kind of management are important to the teenager? -Who do they typically get their spending habits from?

-money management -their parents

**DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY** -What is the role of parents?

To listen and guide, NOT to dictate

**DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY** -What did Skinner believe?

That teens will repeat behavior that is positively reinforced

**DEVELOPMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY** -What did Bandura believe?

That setting a positive example for the teen will motivate positive behavior

**CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS** -What does culture play a role in?

How adolescents think and interact

**CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS** -What does culture competence involve?

recognizing how your own values differ from those of other cultures & respecting the values and practices of others

**CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS** -What does culture affect?

health-care practices and modes of communication

**CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS** -Cultural and religious traditions can help what? -What can they involve?

-stablize identity -rituals that celebrate the transition from childhood to the adult phase of life

**PEER RELATIONSHIPS** -Peer group affiliations have a major impact on what? -What does everybody need?

-adolescent growth and development -someone

**PEER RELATIONSHIPS** -What does school provide the opportunity for? (3)

1. Social interaction 2. Peer group association 3. Clique formation

**PEER RELATIONSHIPS** -Failure to connect with a clique or a peer group can contribute to what? -What can they get stuck in? Why?

-lower self-esteem or to feelings of inadequacy -a sense of role confusion because they aren't part of something

**SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY** -Sexuality encompasses many aspects related to what?

sex and reproduction, including gender identity & roles and sexual orientation

**SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY** -Sexuality is influenced by what? (4)

-many factors 1. biological 2. Psychosocial 3. Social 4. Cultural

**SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY** -Developing a sexual identity is an important part of what?

the adolescent's sense of self

**SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY** -When are sexually active and exclusive relationships often developed? -What does sexual exploration create a risk for?

-during later adolescence -unplanned or unprotected sexual activity

**SEXUALITY, SEX, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, & GENDER IDENTITY** -What does gender dysphoria involve?

conflict between assigned sex and gender identity

Chapter 10 LECTURE 5 PART II Flashcards

Adolescence (48 cards)