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Lifespan EXAM 2 > Chapter 24 LECTURE 9 PART III > Flashcards

Chapter 24 LECTURE 9 PART III Flashcards

Older Adult (45 cards)

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1
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What percent of hip fractures are caused by falls?

A

95%

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2
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What is the leading cause of morbidity/mortality?

A

Falls

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3
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What are 4 causes of falls?

A
  1. Neuromucular dysfunction
  2. Osteoporosis
  3. Stroke
  4. Sensory impairment
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4
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Falls
-What two things are essential?

A

Risk assessment and prevention

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5
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS
-What is osteoporosis?

A

a disease of bone loss (brittle bones)

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6
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS
-What are the 5 risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
  1. Small, thin frame
  2. White or Asian descent
  3. Family history
  4. Inactivity
  5. Low calcium intake
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7
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES PHYSICAL AGENTS: Preventing Injury
-What is caused by motor vehicle accidents?

A

Other unintentional injuries & deaths

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8
Q

DRIVING AND THE ELDERLY
-What is an important concern for older adults?

A

When to stop driving

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9
Q

DRIVING AND THE ELDERLY: Warning Signs
1. _____ responses
2. Easily _____
3. Decreased _____
4. Difficulty with _____ or ____ ____
5. Hitting _____
6. ____ calls
7. ____ or ___ (including _____)
8. Driving too ____ or too ____

A
  1. Delayed
  2. Distracted
  3. Confidence
  4. Changing; maintaining lane
  5. Curbs
  6. Close
  7. Scrapes; dents; garage
  8. too fast; too slowly
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10
Q

ELDER MISTREATMENT
-What is elder abuse?

A

intentional or neglectful acts by caregiver, which harms the vulnerable adult

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11
Q

ELDER MISTREATMENT
-Elder mistreatment can come in many forms. What are the 8 forms?

A
  1. Physical abuse
  2. Neglect
  3. Emotional abuse
  4. Pyschological abuse
  5. Verbal abuse & threats
  6. Financial abuse & exploitation
  7. Sexual abuse
  8. Abandonment
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12
Q

ELDER MISTREATMENT
-Victims of elder abuse are more likely to be who?

A

Single women older than 75, who depend on caregiver for food and shelter

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13
Q

ELDER MISTREATMENT
-The abuser is typically who?

A

Adult child with poor impulse control & low self-esteem

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14
Q

ELDER MISTREATMENT
-Nurses are required to do what?

A

Identify and report abuse to state agencies or law enforcement

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15
Q

PHYSICAL SIGNS OF ELDER ABUSE
1. ____ or unusual ___ ___
2. Missing ___ ___ ___
3. Unexplained ___, ___, ___, or ____
4. Unsanitary _____ conditions and ____ ____
5. Unattended ____ ____

A
  1. Dehydration; weight loss
  2. Daily living aids
  3. Injuries, bruises, cuts, or sores
  4. Living; poor hygiene
  5. Medical needs
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16
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Older adults have decreased what?
-They have lapsed (expired/not valid) what in many cases?

A

-immune function
-vaccines

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17
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Influenza is a major cause of what?
-What is recommended?

A

-Morbidity/mortality
-Yearly vaccination

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18
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS: Pneumococcal Infections
-What is advised?
-A ____ should be given to who?

A

-Vaccination
-booster; those who received their first vaccine before age 65 & it has been more than 5 years since the first dose

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19
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Cancer rates are high for who?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Older adults

20
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-____% of all cancers are found in who?

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A

-50%
-older adults

21
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-What disproportionately affects the elderly?
-Are vaccines available?
-Are they recommended?

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A

-Covid-19
-Yes
-Yes, highly recommended

22
Q

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
-Is the RSV vaccine required?
-Who should get it?
-When should they get it?

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A

-No, but it is recommended
-All adults aged 75+ & adults aged 60-74 who are at an increased risk of severe RSV disease
-Annually since it is seasonal

23
Q

CANCER
-Are cancer rates proportionately or disproportionately high?
-Is the exact cause established?

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A

-Disproportionately high
-No, the exact cause is NOT established, but there are various theories

24
Q

CANCER
-What are the 4 theories of the cause of cancer?

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A
  1. Longer exposure to carcinogens
  2. Increased susceptibility in the older body
  3. Decreased cellular healing ability
  4. Loss of tumor-suppressing genes & decreased immune function
25
**CANCER** -Screenings for what three kinds of cancers should be done?
1. Prostate 2. Breast 3. Gastrointestinal
26
**CANCER** -What is recommended to reduce cancer risk? -Such as what 4 things?
-Lifestyle modifications 1. Following nutritional guidelines 2. Reducing stress 3. Exercising regularly 4. Stop smoking
27
**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -Aging affects what 3 things?
1. Drug metabolism 2. Drug absorption 3. Drug excretion
28
**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -What increases risk of side effects of medications?
age-related changes and disease
29
**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -Older adults may take what? -What does this increase the risk of?
-Multiple medications -Serious drug interactions
30
**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -What is polypharmacy? -Is it a major concern for older adults? -What is important that nurses should do?
-Using multiple medications for the same or for different health problems -Yes -Taking a thorough medication history is important
31
**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -What is assumed in older adults? -Can one be certain?
-The ability of older adults to self-administer -One cannot be certain due to challenges
32
**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -What is a major barrier for older adults?
Medication affordability
33
**ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE**: *Alcohol* -Alcohol use is often what?
Underestimated and hidden
34
**ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE**: *Alcohol* -Alcohol and drug abuse is often what?
Underdiagnosed and underreported
35
**ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE**: *Alcohol* -The elderly are more vulnerable to what?
The effects of alcohol
36
**ALCOHOL & TOBACCO USE**: *Tobacco* -Describe the effects of tobacco -What does tobacco promote?
-Cumulative effects over lifetime -Multiple chronic health conditions
37
**SOCIAL ISSUES** -____ discrimination is experienced, even if what?
-Age -the senior is healthy, educated, cognitvely aware, and capable
38
**SOCIAL ISSUES** -In terms of jobs, what is also a barrier?
Employment discrimination
39
**SOCIAL ISSUES** -When at medical appointments, providers usually speak to who?
Family members rather than the patient
40
**SOCIAL ISSUES**: *Diversity Awareness* -The percentage of who is decreasing?
Older White adults
41
**SOCIAL ISSUES** -What kind of care is essential? -____ screening scales may not be properly ____
-Culturally competent -Geriatric; translated
42
**NURSING APPLICATION** -Nurses that are in a position of providing care to older adults should what?
focus on health promotion
43
**NURSING APPLICATION** -Health promotion... 1. Promoting ___ 2. Promoting the ___ ___ ___ ____ 3. Maintaining ___-___ 4. Preventing _____ and its _____
1. Quality of life 2. health of the population 3. self-care 4. disease; complications
44
**NURSING APPLICATION** -Nursing activities with the older adult often focus on what?
The management of chronic conditions
45
**NURSING APPLICATION** -What two things should the nurse explain to the patient that should be done
Immunizations and screening

Lifespan EXAM 2 (23 decks)

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