Chapter 21 LECTURE 5 PART II

Question 1

What is the definition of adolescence?

Answer 1

psychosocial, emotional, cognitive, and moral transition from childhood to young adulthood

Question 2

What is the definition of puberty?

Answer 2

The development & maturation of structural, reproductive, endocrine, and structural processes that lead to fertility

Question 3

-Approximately when does puberty begin?
-What does this signal?

Answer 3

-11-13 yrs old
-the beginning of adolescence

Question 4

What five things create turmoil during this time?

Answer 4

Rapid changes in…
1. Physical
2. Psychosocial
3. Spiritual
4. Moral
5. Cognitive
… growth

Question 5

Healthy People 2030 has many objectives specifically directed towards what?

Answer 5

Adolescent health

Question 6

BIOLOGY & GENETICS
What two ages does puberty occur during?

Answer 6

11-13 and 18-21

Question 7

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Adolescence vs. Puberty
-Do gender differences exist?
-When do females begin puberty?
-When do females experience their growth spurts?
-Age of puberty is occurring what?
-Are there racial differences? Explain.

Answer 7

-Yes
-2 years earlier than males
-earlier than males
-earlier than in the past
-Yes; African American girls reach puberty earlier than white girls

Question 8

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Physical Growth
-In terms of physical growth, what do they experience
-What are the most noticeable characteristics they develop?

Answer 8

-accelerated growth spurts
-secondary sexual characteristics

Question 9

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Physical Growth
-The physical changes experienced are mediated primarily by what?
-Menarche occurs when?

Answer 9

-by the hormonal regulatory systems
-Occurs later in puberty in females

Question 10

BIOLOGY & GENETICS:
-What is essential for reproduction?

Answer 10

Primary sexual characteristics

Question 11

BIOLOGY & GENETICS:
-What is tanner staging used to assess and monitor?
-What is it used to determine?

Answer 11

-the degree of maturation of an adolsescent’s primary and secondary sexual characteristics
-sexual maturity of the child

Question 12

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Signs of Puberty
-What are the 2 signs of puberty in males?

Answer 12

1. Thinning scrotal sac
2. Enlargement of testes

Question 13

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Signs of Puberty
-What are the 2 signs of puberty in females?

Answer 13

1. Breast buds
2. Growth spurt

Question 14

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Signs of Puberty
-If no signs of puberty are shown by ____ years for males and ____ years for females, they should be referred to who?

Answer 14

-14
-13
-an endocrinologist

Question 15

PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH PUBERTY
-Breast development is usually confined to who?
-What is gynecomastia
-Is this normal

Answer 15

-females
-unilateral or bilateral male breast enlargement
-Yes, but if it continues after a certain age, they should be sent to an endocrinologist

Question 16

PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH PUBERTY: Male Puberty
-What are 4 things that are associated with it?

Answer 16

1. Thinning of scrotal sac
2. Enlargement of testes
3. Ejaculation occurs and precedes fertility by several months
   4.Nocturnal emmissions (wet dreams) occur

Question 17

PHYSICAL CHANGES WITH PUBERTY: Female Puberty
-What are 3 things that are associated with it?

Answer 17

1. Breast buds are the first sign
2. Growth spurt follows breast buds
3. Menstruation or menarche appears 2 years after breast buds

Question 18

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Acne
-There is an (increased/decreased) activity of acne
-What happens to sweat and sebaceous glands?
-What are 3 possible treatments?

Answer 18

-increased
-they may become clogged/inflamed

1. Soap/water
2. Topical medication
3. Stress management

Question 19

BIOLOGY & GENETICS: Scoliosis
-What should start at school age? Why?
-What is scoliosis?
-Who is it more common in?
-If they have a curvature (greater/less) than ____ degrees, they should be referred.

Answer 19

-Screening to identify
-S-shaped curvature of spine; one scapula or hip is higher than the other
-females
-greater; 15

Question 20

OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-What two things increase?

Answer 20

cardiac and respiratory capacity

Question 21

OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-In terms of teeth, what appear and what do they often cause?

Answer 21

-Third molars (wisdom teeth) appear and often cause problems

Question 22

OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-What two glands become active?
-Where are they located in? What are these areas sources of?
-Sebaceous glands can become ____ and ____
-Acne occurs in ____% of all adolescents

Answer 22

-Sweat and sebaceous glands
-axillary, genital, periumbilical areas; body odor
-clogged and inflamed
-80

Question 23

OTHER NORMAL CHANGES
-Growth spurts occur earlier in _____
-Girls stop their growth ___ years after ________
-Scoliosis can develop and is more common in _____

Answer 23

-girls
-2; their menstrual cycle
-girls

Question 24

GENETICS
-Most genetic problems are discovered when?
-A few of them are not diagnosed until when?
-When should healthcare visits be?

Answer 24

-during infancy and early childhood
-adolescence
-yearly

Question 25

**GENETICS** -What is genetics?

Answer 25

the study and application of alterations in specific genes

Question 26

**GENETICS** -What is genomics?

Answer 26

the study of the whole genome or all the genes that make up a person

Question 27

**GENETICS** -Research has demonstrated a basis for many conditions. Name 8 of them

Answer 27

1. Substance abuse 2. Depression 3. Mental health 4. Obesity 5. Hypertension 6. Cancer 7. Type 2 diabetes 8. Cardiovascular disease

Question 28

**SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE**: Turner Syndrome -Who does this occur in? -What is the X chromosome alteration? -What may help? -In terms of fertility what happens?

Answer 28

-Females -X0 -hormonal therapy -They are infertile

Question 29

**SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE**: *Turner Syndrome* -What are the 5 symptoms of Turner Syndrome?

Answer 29

1. Short stature 2. Webbed neck 3. Low-set ears 4. Lack of sexual development 5. Cardiac/renal anomalies

Question 30

**SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE**: *Klinefelter Syndrome* -Who does this occur in? -What is the X chromosome alteration? -What may help? -In terms of fertility what happens?

Answer 30

-Males -XXY -hormonal therapy -sterile

Question 31

**SYNDROMES DIAGNOSED IN ADOLESCENCE**: *Klinefelter Syndrome* -What are the 5 symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome?

Answer 31

1. Tall 2. Thin 3. Lack of sexual development 4. Gynecomastia 5. Learning/behavior problems

Question 32

**HEALTH PERCEPTION- HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN** -Teens have (fewer/more) acute illnesses than who? -Teens have (less/more) chronic illnesses than who?

Answer 32

-fewer; younger children -less; adults

Question 33

**HEALTH PERCEPTION- HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN** -What are 3 negative health choices/outcomes?

Answer 33

1. Sense of invincibility --> "Peter Pan" ideology - "This won't happen to me" 2. Adolescent experimentation 3. Risk-taking behaviors --> many dangers

Question 34

**HEALTH PERCEPTION- HEALTH MANAGEMENT PATTERN** -Parents, teachers, and health-care providers should take what kind of approach with teens? -What 2 things should they do?

Answer 34

-Partnering approach in care 1. Support autonomy 2. Focus on strengths