Chapter 23 LECTURE 8 PART III

Question 1

CARING FOR AGING PARENTS
-Aging parents can ____ middle-aged adults
-What does caring for aging parents create?

Answer 1

-burden
-demands

Question 2

ROLES-REALTIONSHIP PATTERN
-As children become adults, what do parents develop?

Answer 2

adult-to-adult relationships with their now grown children

Question 3

DIVORCE AND SEPARATION
-What is divorce and separation a major disruption to?

Answer 3

marriage

Question 4

DIVORCE AND SEPARATION
-Do children percieve divorce very differently or exactly the same as their parents?
-Effects on children may be _____

Answer 4

-very differently
-long-lasting

Question 5

DEATH
-What does the death of a partner have?
-The surviving spouse may be what?
-What should nurses offer?

Answer 5

-a profound impact
-unprepared for single life and single parenthood
-support

Question 6

DEATH
-What becomes more apparent?
-What do they become increasingly aware of?
-What is a common outcome of death?

Answer 6

-finite nature of life
-number of years left
-midlife review

Question 7

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-(High/low) proportion of adults remain sexually active

Answer 7

High

Question 8

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What percent of women older than 35 experience unintended pregnancies?
-What percent of unintended pregnancies occur because middle-aged women fail to use contraception?

Answer 8

-77%
-30%

Question 9

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-Are premenopausal women still at risk of an unintended pregnancy?
-What can occur in pregnancies for those who are 45 or older?

Answer 9

-Yes
-higher risk of maternal death & fetal complications

Question 10

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What can be challenging for middle-aged women?
-What can it cause?

Answer 10

-American cultural value on youth and beauty
-stress or depression

Question 10

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-Changes occur in what system?
-What are 5 changes?

Answer 10

-reproductive system
1. Slower arousal
2. Orgasms are less intense
3. Long refractory between erection and ejaculation
4. Vaginal dryness
5. Decreased libido

Question 11

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What occurs in men?
-What are three other things that happen?

Answer 11

-erectile dysfunction
1. Impotence: inability to achieve or maintain and erection
2. Premature ejaculation: ejaculating sooner than desired
3. Retrograde ejaculation: Semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through urethra

Question 12

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What can women experience (2)

Answer 12

1. Abnormal genital bleeding
2. Secondary amenorrhea

Question 13

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-What is a major public health problem?
-HPV causes what percent of cervical cancers?

Answer 13

-STIs
-90%

Question 14

SEXUALITY-REPRODUCTIVE PATTERN
-HIV/AIDS: what are adults older than 50 considered?
-Why? (2)

Answer 14

-“hidden” risk group
1. They are less likely to discuss sexual behavior with provider
2. They don’t look at sex the same, so they may not seek sexual health like they did when they were younger

Question 15

VALUES-BELIEFS PATTERN
-When are beliefs formed?
-When are they reviewed?
-What can a crisis often be?
-What can a crisis trigger?

Answer 15

-early
-during a crisis
-a turning point
-“caring”, described as middle-aged adult virtue

Question 16

VALUES-BELIEFS PATTERN
-What do committed responsibilities promote?
-What are 3 examples?

Answer 16

-moral deveopment in middle-aged adult
1. Valuing others, having relationships, and being responsible for others
2. Raising children and mentoring junior employees
3. Serving the community

Question 17

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS
-What did Erikson (1998) identify as the middle-aged virtue?
-When is it often developed?

Answer 17

-Caring
-At time of a crisis

Question 18

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What phases did Kohlberg state?
-What stage did he suggest most middle-aged adults are in?

Answer 18

-Coventional and postconventional phases
-Stage 3 or 4

Question 19

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What is Stage 3?

Answer 19

-personal wants and needs (interpersonal)

Question 20

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What is Stage 4?

Answer 20

-Duties demanded by society (law & order)

Question 21

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Kohlberg
-What is Stage 5?

Answer 21

-Principles to live by (sacrifice for others)

Question 22

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Gilligan
-What did he believe?

Answer 22

-women have a different process of morality

Question 23

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS: Gilligan
-What issues did women discuss?
-Women tend to be what?
-They are born to what?

Answer 23

-Selfishness vs responsibilities to others
-Selfless
-Nurutre and care for others

Question 24

**DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS**: *Gilligan* -What do women avoid? -_____ decision-making -What must they do first before caring for others?

Answer 24

-Hurting others -careful -Care for themselves to avoid burnout

Question 25

**HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES** -What kind of radiation can cause cancer?

Answer 25

Ionizing radiation

Question 26

**HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES** -What kind of pollution can lead to cancer & other health issues?

Answer 26

Water pollution

Question 27

**HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES** -Where does air pollution come from?

Answer 27

Auto emissions, burning fuels, and industrial incineration

Question 28

**HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES** -What is important to have for noise pollution? -What kind of hazard can it be? -What does it potentiate?

Answer 28

-protective devices -occupational -hearing loss

Question 29

**HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS** -Many are transmitted through what? -Where do they enter?

Answer 29

-air or food/water -respiratory or gastrointestinal tract

Question 30

**HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS**: *Common pathogens* -What kind of pathogen is Hepatitis B? -It is an occupational hazard for who?

Answer 30

-blood-borne -health professionals

Question 30

**HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS**: *Common pathogens* -How is Hepatits A transmitted?

Answer 30

through fecal-oral route and poor sanitation

Question 31

**HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS**: *Common pathogens* -What two vaccines are available?

Answer 31

1. Pneumonia vaccine 2. Herpes zoster (shingles) for those who are 50+

Question 32

**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -Contaminants from workplace industry are carried home on what? -Asbestos creates an increased risk of what?

Answer 32

-on clothing (air pollutants) -mesothelioma

Question 33

**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -What is the leading cause preventable death?

Answer 33

tobacco

Question 34

**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -By age 50, many have ____+ year history of tobacco

Answer 34

30

Question 35

**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -What are the risks of tobacco? (3)

Answer 35

1. Heart/lung disease 2. COPD 3. Lung cancer

Question 36

**CHEMICAL AGENTS** -There are over how many known chemicals in cigarettes?

Answer 36

2000

Question 37

**SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT** -What is important? -Nurses must be what?

Answer 37

-Culture and ethnicity -Culturally aware

Question 38

**SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT** -There can be different interpretations of what?

Answer 38

health/illness

Question 39

**SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT** -What are two things immigrants may experience?

Answer 39

1. Poverty 2. Poor living conditions

Question 40

**SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT** -Immigrants tend to have what kind of economic status -Because of this what may they not seek? -Why else may they not seek healthcare?

Answer 40

-lower socioeconomic status -healthcare until they are very sick -in fear of being detained

Question 41

**SOCIAL FACTORS & ENVIRONMENT**: *Economics* -Net income is at (highest/lowest) level? -Even so, middle-aged adults have what?

Answer 41

-highest -greater financial responsibilities