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Psychology 101 > Chapter 10 pt. 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main stages of prenatal development?

A
  1. germinal
  2. embryonic
  3. fetal
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2
Q

The Germinal Period occurs from __-__ weeks.

A

0-2

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3
Q

What happens during the Germinal Period?

A
  • initially formed cell begins to rapidly divide and multiply
  • zygote migrates to uterus and implants on wall
  • placenta is formed
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4
Q

The Embryonic Period occurs from __weeks to __ months.

A

2

2

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5
Q

What is formed during the Embryonic Period?

A

most of vital organs (heart, spine, brain)

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6
Q

Explain the steps that happen during the Embryonic Stage.

A
  1. embryo at about 2 weeks, neural tube just formed
  2. just 5 days later, moved into Embryonic Stage
  3. end of the Embryonic Stage
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7
Q

The Fetal Period happens from __ months to birth.

A

2

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8
Q

The age of viability occurs in the _____ stage.

A

fetal

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9
Q

What is the age of viability?

A

basically the point in which a child can survive outside of the womb

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10
Q

What occurs during the fetal period?

A
  1. muscles and bones develop
  2. sex organs develop in the 3rd-month
  3. auditory system (peripheral) developed around 6 mo.
  4. neural development continues
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11
Q

When does the age of viability occurs?

A

23-26 weeks

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12
Q

At __ weeks 50% survival, if born prematurely.

At 26 weeks __% survival, if born prematurely.

A

23

75%

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13
Q

At 23 weeks __% survival, if born prematurely

At __ weeks 75% survival, if born prematurely

A

50%

26

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14
Q

True or False: The earlier that damage occurs, the worse off the individual will be.

A

True

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15
Q

What are the two main risk factors that affect pregnancy?

A
  1. Malnutrition

2. Air pollution

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16
Q

How does malnutrition affect pregnancy?

A

neurological problems; vulnerability to schizophrenia

17
Q

How does air pollution affect pregnancy?

A

cognitive impairment at age 5

18
Q

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

result of excessive alcohol use during pregnancy, significantly impairs brain development

19
Q

Other than fetal alcohol syndrome, what symptoms can babies have from alcohol?

A
  1. Microcephaly- bones fuse too early, brain development halted
  2. Intellectual disability
  3. Congenital defects
20
Q

Even moderate drinking can be dangerous because is causes…

A
  • IQ deficits
  • Attention difficulties
  • Impulsive or delinquent behaviors
21
Q

What are the results of tobacco use during pregnancy?

A
  • Smaller frontal lobes and cerebellar volumes,
  • Low birth weight
  • Higher risk for miscarriage
22
Q

What are the results of marijuana use during pregnancy?

A
  • Impairs nerve development and guidance
  • Permanent cognitive deficits
  • concentration disorders
  • hyperactivity
23
Q

What are developmental norms and why are they important?

A

Norms that indicate the typical median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.
They are important because they allow parents to see if their child is delayed or “on time”.

24
Q

What is attachment?

A

Close, emotional bond between infants & caregivers

25
Q

List the different types of attachment described by Mary

Ainsworth.

A
  1. Secure attachment
  2. anxious-ambivalent attachment
  3. avoidant attachment
26
Q

Which type of attachment is this: explore while M is present, upset when she leaves.Most common; associated w/curiosity, leadership, resilience

A

Secure attachment

27
Q

Which type of attachment is this: show moderate anxiety when M is present, high anxiety when she leaves, moderate when she returns

A

anxious-ambivalent attachment

28
Q

Which type of attachment is this:babies sought little contact with mothers and were not distressed when she left

A

avoidant attachment

29
Q

What was the Harlow Study and what was discovered as a result of it?

A

It was a study that removed infant monkeys from their mothers and raised them in the lab.
It involved 2 types of “substitute mothers”:
“Cloth” mother “Wire” mother
All monkeys sought comfort from cloth mother when they were frightened, regardless of group

30
Q

List Erikon’s Stages of Development.

A 
Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust
Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
Stage 3: Initiate vs. Guilt
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5: Identity or confusion
Stage 6: intimacy vs isolation
Stage 7: Generativity  vs Self-absorption
Stage 8: Integrity vs Despair
31
Q

List Piaget’s Stages of Development.

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete operational
  4. Formal operational
32
Q

Which of Piaget’s Stages does, object permanence, occur?

A

Sensorimotor

33
Q

Which of Piaget’s Stages does, centration, Irreversibility, and Egocentrism, occur?

A

Preoperational

34
Q

Which of Piaget’s Stages does, Decentration, occur?

A

Concrete operational

35
Q

What changes occur during aging?

A
  1. Changes in appearance
  2. Neuron & sensory loss
  3. Hormonal changes
  4. Small decline in IQ after 60

Psychology 101 (34 decks)

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