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World History Chapter 1 Test > Chapter 10 Unit 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Italian city states declined politically Renaissance creativity stayed alive by spreading where

A

Northward they were more religious blended religious and secular

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2
Q

2 famous writers of northern Renaissance interested in secular life

A

William Shakespeare

Miguel de Cervantes

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3
Q

Influence of humanists enhanced after 1450 w invention of —– by German

A

Johann Gutenberg

Advanced printing press made writing available for more ppl - PPl have bibles- more literacy - Renaissance ideas

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4
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Wrote the prince . Philosophical view of ideal political leader based on ancient roman rules ( in response to Italian city states constant attacks by French etc

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5
Q

Increased access to printed materials led to what

A

Events that resulted in weakening of the religious and political power of church

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6
Q

Protestant reformation

A

Rebellions against church led to permanent new divisions in wet term Christianity Catholics vs Protestants

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7
Q

Protestant reformations began when WHAT

How ppl worried about

A

Martin Luther made the 95 theses and criticized Catholic Church’s sale of indulgences

Ppl worried church getting in between individual and God

Church growing greed

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8
Q

Indulgences

A

Paper that says your sins are forgiven if u pay money

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9
Q

Simony

A

The act of selling church offices and roles ( pay have higher rank)

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10
Q

Tithe

A

10% of yearly earnings go to church

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11
Q

Protestant teachings

A

The bible is the only source of truth ( ppl can read for themselves)

Written in vernacular languages

Salvation comes ONLY thru faith in Christ not indulgences

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12
Q

Rise in literacy led to

A

Interest in exploration which led to spread new ideas

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13
Q

Luther was later what? And his works inspired what

A

Excommunicated from church

He inspired movements that split religious unity

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14
Q

John Calvin
What’s religion called and where spread

Meanwhile luthers followers believed in what

A

Established a variation of Protestant
believed in VENGEFUL stern God
Calvinism
British isles

A merciful God

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15
Q

Henry v111 made what

A

The Anglican Church

Actions based on pipes refusal to let him divorce his wife who didn’t make a son

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16
Q

The catholic reformation

A

The movement to revive churches reputation & roles

Catholic Church responded forcefully

Tried to persuade Protestants to return back to church & banned indulgences

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17
Q

Assembly called council of Trent did what?

Led to what

A

Gathered high officials discuss religious doctrines and what Protestants complained about. Led to schools for priests

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18
Q

Jesuits

A

New religious members that went around Europe convincing people to return to church

Later became international missionaries converts in Asia and Americas

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19
Q

Protestant and catholic reformations led to

A

Break up of Catholic Church power

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20
Q

Edict of Nantes made thru what

A

Granted religious liberty and tolerance to Protestants

Religious tensions - wars - edict

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21
Q

Thirty year war

Ended w

A

Treaty of Westphalia
Cities can now choose their own religion

European religious war Ferdinand tried telling all to be catholic Protestants mad

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22
Q

English civil war

A

Catholic learning of Stuart kings / lots religious issues

Tensions led ppl leave America

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23
Q

The scientific revolution

A

Humanistic shaped science

Scientists based knowledge on direct observation ( math not theories during ancient times)
Reliance on human understanding weakened church

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24
Q

Empirical evidence

A

Info varifiable by observations

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25
New science contrasted what bc why
Contrasted scholasticism of Middle Ages Scholars has based inquiry on principles by church new emphasis on freedom of inquiry led to clashes b/w scientists and religious authorities
26
Nicholas Copernicus
Based his math on models by nasir al din Revised Julian calendar ( Romans based it on Ptolemy ) theory adopted by church questioning Ptolemy was questioning church Copernicus discovers earth revolves around sun
27
Nasir al din
Islamic scholar 13th century
28
Tycho Brahe and johannes kepler
Used Copernicus model to make theories showing other PLANETS REVOLVE ROUND SUN IN ORBITALS Kepler published his work - fueled conflict religious officials vs scientists Church said was heresy Protestants against new science
29
Galileo Galilei And effect of this
Italian astronomer Turned telescope first study the heavens discovered MILKY WAY Ppl mad cuz showed earth wasn't special religious ppl question He published for not just scientists church banned him house arrest
30
Isaac Newton
Most famous European scientists Book described basic principles of motion math formulas for pull gravity
31
Intellectuals rethought concept of God thru explanation that a divinity set natural laws in motion system called
Deism
32
The enlightenment
New emphasis on human capabilities/accomplishments and importance of rational thought was displayed learn natural laws of universe
33
John Locke
Understood "laws of nature" on human liberties and equality
34
Thomas Hobbes
Said human beings by nature MUST be controlled by abs rulers
35
Adam smith
Analyzed natural law of supply and demand | Book "the wealth of nations"
36
Center of enlightenment
France | Salons were gatherings hosted by woman discuss ideas
37
Baron de Montesquieu
Liked British parliament suggest gov w 3 independent branches that SHARE political power
38
French philosopher Francois VOLTAIRE
Wrote criticisms of French monarchy and Catholic Church | Said both were INTOLERANT and limited freedom that ppl deserved by laws of nature
39
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Most radical philosopher Suggested we return to nature( small communities no ownership of land) Bc society corrupted human nature
40
Habsburg family
Powerful family were catholic Protestants didn't wanna see them gain power Charles V wanted to unify all areas under his control ( unsuccessful) Abdicated his throne
41
Who ruled Spain at height of power
Philip II son of Charles V
42
Ferdinand and Isabella did what of Spain
Sponsored Christopher Columbus and drove out Muslims out of southern Italy
43
Spanish and French Kings had lots of power became
Absolute monarchs
44
French kinds buggy bureaucracy helped get taxed and cultivated a belief in
Divine rights - gods blessing of kings authority- legitimacy of royals
45
what two places developed a new style of gov constitutionalism
Britain and Netherlands Rulers shared power w parliament - ruler like others is subject to laws passed by parliament House of orange Protestant pair William and Mary ruled w parliament
46
Capitalism
Economic system based on private ownership of property and business that produce goods to be bough and sold in free market
47
Mercantilism
The responsibility of gov to promote the states economy to improve tax revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders
48
Joint stock companies
Organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares
49
New capitalist sys replaced
Old guild system Middle Ages Guilds represented collective not individual
50
They produced good thru PUTTING OUT SYS
Entrepreneurs delivered raw materials to workers in their homes where they transformed the product to he picked up later
51
Europeans altered what
Altered inventions made elsewhere to suit their needs
52
New mapmaking technique called
The Mercator projection well suite for travel on Atlantic Also made guns
53
Rapid pop. Growth bc two reasons
Increased average life span led to increased pop 1- healthier diets possible bc increase in food bc expanding trade networks 2- old diseases less deadly
54
Pop growth allowed for
Rapid economic expansion which was fuel for European settlements in new world
55
Renaissance / reformation and enlightenment opened Europeans minds to
Invention escape from social boundaries and intellectuals
56
Europe moved to center stage because of
Cultural changes Political consolidation of centralized states Technological advances and capitalism
57
Kings had enough money and power to
Control regional lands and sponsor trade expeditions
58
Tech advances and capitalism allowed Europe to
Increase their riches thru trade and territorial claims in w hemisphere
59
Crusades of 12th and 13th century
Started movement of European knights into Middle East ( trade b/w Europe and Middle East)
60
What led to urbanization
Regions growing trade and wealth of merchants
61
Wealthy merchants competed for
Power and became patrons
62
Genoa Venice Milan Florence were
City states that collected tax to support army
63
What led to concept of renaissance man
Artists interest in philosophy/ politics/science Means a person often genius who knows a lot

World History Chapter 1 Test (11 decks)

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