CHAPTER 10: Urinary System Flashcards
(21 cards)
kidney blood supply
abdominal aorta -> (20% of blood) renal arteries -> segmental arteries -> interlobar arteries -> (arch around the pyramids of kidney) arcuate arteries -> cortical radiate artery -> (nephrons) afferent arterioles -> (where filtration is happening) glomerulus -> efferent arterioles -> peritubular capillaries -> cortical radiate vein -> arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal veins -> inferior vena cava -> heart
urine formation
renal corpuscle (glomerulus (where filtration happens) - bowman’s capsule (where the filtrate is going)) -> proximal convoluted tubules -> thin descending loop of henle -> thin ascending loop of henle -> thick ascending loop of henle -> distal convoluted tubule (where reabsorption & secretion happens) -> collecting ducts (urine) -> renal pelvis -> ureter -> bladder -> urethra
location of kidney
retriperitoneal in the superior lumbar region; extends fromm T12 to L3
renal hilum
medial indentation of the kidney
three distinct regions of kidneys
- renal cortex
- renal medulla
- renal fascia
separates renal pyramids
renal columns
funnel-shaped tube connected to ureter
renal pelvis
three protective layers of kidney + characteristics/function
- fibrous capsule: transparent, glistening appearance
- perirenal fat: cushion against blows
- renal fascia: attaches the kidneys to its surrounding structures
what drains urine
calyces
structural & functional unit of the kidneys; responsible for forming urine
nephrons
located almost entirely within the cortex
cortical nephrons
situated close to the cortex-medulla junction
juxtamedullary nephrons
not normally found in urine
glucose
blood proteins
red blood cells
hemoglobin
white blood cells
bile
carry urine from kidneys to bladder
ureter
muscular sac that stores urine temporarily
bladder
three openings of bladder
two ureter openings: ureteral orifices
single urethra opening: internal urethral orifice
three layers of smooth muscle (urinary system)
detrusor muscle
how much urine can the bladder hold
500 mL - 1L
keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed (involuntary)
internal urethral sphincter
voluntarily controlled
external urethral sphincter
micturition reflex
bladdee continues to collect urine until about 200mL -> stretching of bladder wall activates stretch receptors -> impulses transmitted to the sacral region of the spinal cord & then back to the bladder via pelvic splanchic nerves -> bladder goes into reflex contractions
