CHAPTER 3: Skeletal System

Question 1

function of bones

Answer 1

protects vital organs, storage of minerals, acts as biomechanical levers which muscles act to produce motion

Question 2

blood cell formation

Answer 2

Hemopoiesis/Hematopoiesis

Question 3

minerals stored in bones

Answer 3

Calcium & Phosphate

Question 4

central portion of the bone/shaft

Answer 4

diaphysis

Question 5

rounded ends of a bone

Answer 5

epiphysis

Question 6

site for bone growth; between diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 6

epiphyseal plate/growth plate

Question 7

bone deposition/formation (found in the surface of the bone)

Answer 7

osteoblasts

Question 8

bone resorption; breaks down bone matrix (embedded deep in the bone)

Answer 8

osteoclasts

Question 9

maintains bone tissue

Answer 9

osteocytes

Question 10

decrease of osteoblasts

Answer 10

osteoporosis

Question 11

type of bone tissue that is more compact & has a high tolerance to stress

Answer 11

cortical bone

Question 12

type of bone tissue that is spongy & less dense. also known as trabecular bone

Answer 12

cancellous bone

Question 13

bone composition

Answer 13

water
inorganic: calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate
organic: collagen

Question 14

provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension

Answer 14

collagen

Question 15

a type of bone that has a shaft and 2 ends (e.g., femur, humerus)

Answer 15

long bones

Question 16

type of bone that is shaped roughly as a cube, composed of cancellous bone and covered by compact bone (e.g., carpal bones)

Answer 16

short bones

Question 17

flattened and slightly curved bones (e.g., vault of the skull, scapula)

Answer 17

flat bones

Question 18

bones that vary in shape and structure (e.g., vertebrae, pelvic bone)

Answer 18

irregular bones

Question 19

small nodules of bones found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surface

Answer 19

sesamoid bones

Question 20

largest sesamoid bone

Answer 20

patella

Question 21

a tendon that attaches the quadriceps muscles to the patella

Answer 21

quadriceps tendon

Question 22

connection between two boney surfaces

Answer 22

joints

Question 23

immovably fixed joint between two bones connected by fibrous tissue

Answer 23

synarthroses/fibrous joints

Question 24

nonmovable: ____________________; barely movable: _________

Answer 24

sutures of the skull; gomphosis

Question 25

suture for frontal & parietal bones

Answer 25

coronal suture

Question 26

suture for left & right parietal bones

Answer 26

sagittal suture

Question 27

suture for temporal & parietal bones

Answer 27

squamous suture

Question 28

suture for occipital & parietal bones

Answer 28

lambdoid suture

Question 29

slightly movable joints

Answer 29

ampiarthroses/cartilaginous joints

Question 30

freely movable joints; composed of sleeve-like joint capsule

Answer 30

diarthrodial/synovial joints

Question 31

secretes synovial fluid

Answer 31

synovial membrane

Question 32

function of synovial membrane

Answer 32

for lubrication to reduce friction

Question 33

ratio of plane & degrees of freedom

Answer 33

1 plane : 1 degree of freedom

Question 34

types of diarthrodial joints

Answer 34

Arthrodial Ginglymus Trochoid Condyloid Enarthrodial Sellar

Question 35

gliding joint (e.g., carpal joints, tarsal joints); allows movement in 2 planes of motion

Answer 35

arthrodial joints

Question 36

the articular surfaces fit one another like the hinge of a door (e.g., elbow joint, knee joint); allows movement in 1 plane of motion

Answer 36

ginglymus/hinge joints

Question 37

the cylinder of one bone fits into a corresponding cavity, allowing for rotational motion (e.g., atlantoaxial joint); allows movement in 1 plane of motion

Answer 37

trochoid/pivot joints

Question 38

a condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity (e.g., metacarpophalangeal joints); allows movement in 2 planes

Answer 38

condyloid/knuckle joints

Question 39

spherical one end of bone fits into a cup-like depression of another bone (e.g., glenohumeral joint, hip joint); allows movement in 3 planes of motion

Answer 39

enarthrodial/ball-and-socket joints

Question 40

the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex (e.g., carpometacarpal joint); allows movement in 2 planes

Answer 40

sellar/saddle joint

Question 41

80 bones located at the center of the body

Answer 41

axial skeleton

Question 42

composed of 126 bones that attach to the axial skeleton

Answer 42

appendicualr skeleton

Question 43

8 cranial bones (neurocranium)

Answer 43

2 parietal 2 temporal 1 frontal 1 occipital 1 sphenoid 1 ethmoid

Question 44

14 facial bones (viscerocranium)

Answer 44

2 maxilla 2 zygomatic 2 palatine 2 lacrimal 2 nasal 2 inferior nasal concha 1 mandible 1 vomer

Question 45

auditory ossicles

Answer 45

malleus incus stapes

Question 46

only bone that does not articulate with other bones

Answer 46

hyoid

Question 47

26 vertebral column bones

Answer 47

7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) 12 thoracice vertebrae (T1-T12) 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) 1 sacrum 1 coccyx

Question 48

rib cage bones

Answer 48

24 ribs 1 sternum

Question 49

bones in the pectoral girdle

Answer 49

scapula clavicle

Question 50

bones in the upper limb

Answer 50

humerus ulna radius carpal metacarpal phalanges

Question 51

bones in the pelvic girdle

Answer 51

2 coxal bones

Question 52

bones in the lower limb

Answer 52

femur tibia fibula patella tarsal metatarsal phalanges

Question 53

total number of bones in the body

Answer 53

206 bones

Question 54

functions of the vertebral column

Answer 54

supports the weight of the head and trunk, protects the spinal cord, provides site for muscle attachment

Question 55

vertebral column bones of a child

Answer 55

33-34 bones

Question 56

parts of the intervertebral disk

Answer 56

annulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus