CHAPTER 2: CELL

Question 1

components of cell

Answer 1

Water
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Ions
Proteins

Question 2

cell membrane is made up of two layers: ____________ _______

Answer 2

phospholipid bilayer

Question 3

head: ___________; tail: ___________

Answer 3

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Question 4

which part of the cell provides rigid structural form of a cell?

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

liquid in the cytoplasm

Answer 5

cytosole

Question 6

maintains and changes the shape of the cell

Answer 6

cytoskeleton

Question 7

function of the lysosome

Answer 7

digestive function of the cell

Question 8

enzymes in the lysosome that is used to digest unwanted substances

Answer 8

hydrolase

Question 9

contains the enzyme oxidase to detoxify harmful substances

Answer 9

peroxisome

Question 10

powerhouse of the cell

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

process substances transported by the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

golgi apparatus

Question 12

transports the substances inside and outside of the cell

Answer 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

rough ER: _______ synthesis; smooth ER: _____ synthesis

Answer 13

protein; lipid

Question 14

holds the structure of the cell together

Answer 14

microtubules

Question 15

control center of the cell

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

________: genetic makeup; _________: physical manifestation

Answer 16

genotype; phenotype

Question 17

70-85% of total cell mass

Answer 17

water

Question 18

most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 18

K - Potassium

Question 19

most abundant extracellular cation

Answer 19

Na - Sodium

Question 20

most abundant extracellular anion

Answer 20

Cl - Chloride

Question 21

most abundant intracellular anion

Answer 21

Oa - Organic Anion

Question 22

transport mechanism with high to low concentration gradient; doesn’t need ATP

Answer 22

passive transport/diffusion

Question 23

transport mechanism with low to hight concentration gradient; needs ATP

Answer 23

active transport

Question 24

type of diffusion that needs carrier protein

Answer 24

facilitated diffusion

Question 25

type of osmosis wherein water enters the cell which causes it to swell; more H2O outside

Answer 25

hypotonic

Question 26

type of osmosis wherein water exits the cell which causes it to shrink; more Na outside the cell

Answer 26

hypertonic

Question 27

diffusion along semi-permeable membrane

Answer 27

filtration

Question 28

symport: 2 substances & ____ direction. state an example

Answer 28

same direction, Na+ Glucose Transport

Question 29

antiport: 2 substances & _________ direction

Answer 29

different direction

Question 30

resting membrane potential of a typical neuron

Answer 30

-70mV

Question 31

resting membrane potential of a typical muscle cell

Answer 31

-90mV

Question 32

stimulus needed by the cell to change the electric charges

Answer 32

Action Potential

Question 33

Action Potential Process

Answer 33

Resting Potential 》 Sodium gates open 》 Depolarization (Na ions rush in) 》 Potassium gates open 》 Repolarization (K ions rush out) 》 Refractory Period (Sodium gates can not open) 》 Resting potential reestablished by Na/K pump

Question 34

All or None Principle

Answer 34

nerve cells send signals with the same force regardless of the strength impulse causing them to fire

Question 35

a type of refractory period wherein you cannot elicit another stimulus

Answer 35

absolute refractory period

Question 36

a type of refractory period wherein you can initiate but cannot elicit a stimulus

Answer 36

relative refractory period

Question 37

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 37

Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate

Question 38

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 38

Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Sulfate, Organic Anion