CHAPTER 8: Respiratory System

Question 1

upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

larynx & above

Question 2

what is lined with mucosa

Answer 2

conchae

Question 3

lower respiratory tract

Answer 3

trachea & below

Question 4

air entry

Answer 4

nose

Question 5

other term for nostrils

Answer 5

nares

Question 6

nasal cavity is divided by

Answer 6

nasal septum

Question 7

the only respiratory organ visible

Answer 7

nose

Question 8

what is mucosa for

Answer 8

to warm, moisten, and filter air that enter the nose

Question 9

lightens the skull & help us talk

Answer 9

paranasal sinuses

Question 10

shared space, tube that’s both a food & air passage

Answer 10

pharynx

Question 11

parts of pharynx

Answer 11

1. nasopharynx (air passage)
2. oropharynx (food & air passage)
3. laryngopharynx (food & air passage)

Question 12

what are the four tonsils

Answer 12

1. pharyngeal
2. tubal
3. palatine
4. lingual

Question 13

what are tonsils for

Answer 13

act like security guards because they prevent infection

Question 14

voice box

Answer 14

larynx

Question 15

what is larynx made up of

Answer 15

cartilage (thyroid cartilage: adam’s apple)

Question 16

blocks food from going to the trachea

Answer 16

epiglottis

Question 17

space between vocal folds

Answer 17

glottis

Question 18

sounds produced when high pressure of air enters voice box then the voice box abruptly closes (caused by eating fast)

Answer 18

hiccups

Question 19

windpipe

Answer 19

trachea

Question 20

expands when the food is too big

Answer 20

hyaline cartilage

Question 21

two pleura laye

Answer 21

visceral (on lung)
parietal (lining the chest wall)

Question 22

bronchial tree

Answer 22

bronchi -> secondary -> tertiary -> bronchioles

Question 23

functional units for gas exchange

Answer 23

alveoli

Question 24

for gas exchange (simple squamous)

Answer 24

type 1 cells

Question 25

secrets surfactant ro prevent collapse

Answer 25

type 2 cells

Question 26

cleans out particle

Answer 26

alveolar macrophages

Question 27

respiratory membrane

Answer 27

air-blood barrier

Question 28

breathing

Answer 28

inhale (inspiration) + exhale (expiration)

Question 29

ribs are elevated as external intercostals contract; diaphragm moves inferiorly during contraction

Answer 29

full inspiration

Question 30

ribs are depressed as external intercostals relax; diaphragm moves superiorly as it relaxes

Answer 30

expiration

Question 31

total lung capacity

Answer 31

6,000mL

Question 32

vital capacity

Answer 32

4,800mL

Question 33

tidal volume (normal breathing)

Answer 33

500mL

Question 34

amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume

Answer 34

inspiratory reserve volume 3,100mL

Question 35

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhaustion

Answer 35

expiratory reserve volume 1,200mL

Question 36

air volume that cannot be expelled from the lungs

Answer 36

residual volume 1,200mL

Question 37

unused gas volume in the lungs

Answer 37

dead space volume

Question 38

used gas volume in the lungs

Answer 38

functional volume

Question 39

external respiration

Answer 39

O² goes from alveoli to blood; CO² goes from blood to alveoli

Question 40

internal respiration

Answer 40

O² goes from blood to body cells; CO² goes from cells to blood

Question 41

explain gas transport in blood

Question 42

parts of brain that control breathing

Answer 42

medulla (vrg, drg) & pons

Question 43

where do signals go through

Answer 43

phrenic & intercostal nerves

Question 44

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Answer 44

a progressive lung disease thag makes it difficultto breathe [Bronchitis + Emphysema (often caused by smoking)]

Question 45

sensitive airways inflamed by irritants

Answer 45

asthma

Question 46

inflammation in the middle ear

Answer 46

otitis media

Question 47

accumulated mucus in the trachea

Answer 47

cardiac arrest

Question 48

sinusitis

Answer 48

headache (sinus blocked by mucus)

Question 49

reduce friction

Answer 49

visceral pleura

Question 50

what triggers coughing due to dry throat

Answer 50

hot water

Question 51

pressure within the pleural cavity

Answer 51

intrapleural pressure

Question 52

collapsed lung

Answer 52

atelectasis

Question 53

what happens to the lungs as people age

Answer 53

lung elasticity & capacity decreases

Question 54

high amount of oxygen

Answer 54

hyperventilation