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CN 100 > CHAPTER 5: Nervous System > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5: Nervous System Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

3 Basic Functions of Nervous System

A

Sensory Functions, Integrative Functions, & Motor Functions

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2
Q

Functional Unit of Sensory Functions

A

Sensory of AFFERENT Neurons

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3
Q

what is sensory receptor

A

responds to a stimulus by producing a generator or receptor potential

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4
Q

for mechanical stretching/compression

A

Mechanoreceptors

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5
Q

for temperature

A

Thermoreceptors

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6
Q

for pain

A

Nociceptors

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7
Q

changes in body position

A

Proprioceptors

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8
Q

Organization of the Nervous System to Supply Three Basic Functions

A
  1. Sensory Receptor -> 2. Sensory Neuron -> 3. Integrating Center -> 4. Motor Neuron -> 5. Effector
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9
Q

axon conducts impulses FROM RECEPTOR TO INTEGRATING CENTER

A

Sensory Neuron

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10
Q

one or more regions within the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor neurns

A

Integrating Center

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11
Q

axon conducts impulses FROM INTEGRATING CENTER TO EFFECTOR

A

Motor Neuron

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12
Q

muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses

A

Effector

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13
Q

two subsystems of the nervous system

A

Central NS & Peripheral NS

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14
Q

parts of CNS

A

brain & spinal cord

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15
Q

parts of PNS

A

cranial nerves & spinal nerves

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16
Q

two subsystems of Peripheral NS

A

Autonomic NS & Somatic NS

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17
Q

motor neurons that control involuntary responses involving organs, glands, and smooth muscles

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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18
Q

motor neurons that control voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Nervous System

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19
Q

two divisions of Autonomic NS

A

Parasympathetic & Sympathetic

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20
Q

rest & digest, STIMULATES digestion, constrict pupils

A

Parasympathetic

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21
Q

active & alert, INHIBITS digestion, dilates pupils

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

contains cell extensions organized into tracts; inner

A

white matter (axons)

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23
Q

contains cell neuron cell bodies; outer

A

gray matter (dendrites)

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24
Q

receives information from other neurons and sends signals TOWARDS cell body

A

dendrites

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25
integrates/processes information and sends it to axons
cell body
26
sends signals AWAY from the cell body
axons
27
facilitates conduct of impulse
myelin sheath
28
gaps in the myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
29
the rapid transmission of nerve impulses along myelinated axons, where the action potential "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed
Saltatory Conduction
30
surrounds an individual axon
Endoneurium
31
surrounds an individual fascicle (bundle of axons = fascicle)
Perineurium
32
surrounds an entire nerve (bundle if fascicles = nerve)
Epineurium
33
produces myelin sheath in CNS & schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
34
star shaped glial cells; help form the blood-brain barrier, which prevents toxins from entering the brain
astrocytes
35
specialized immune cells that eats toxins (microbes and cellular debris)
microglia
36
form blood-brain barrier in the brain ventricles & central canal of spinal cord; produce cerebrospinal fluid and assist in its circulation
ependymal cells
37
Primary Brain Development (Embryonic Stage; 1-4 weeks gestation)
Prosencephalon (forebrain) Mesencephalon (midbrain) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
38
Secondary Brain Development (Fetal Stage)
Telencephalon (prosencephalon) Diencephalon (prosencephalon) Mesencephalon Metencephalon (rhombencephalon) Myelencephalon (rhombencephalon)
39
Adult Structure of Brain
Cerebrum Thalamus Midbrain Pons/Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata
40
rounded elevations or ridge on the cerebral cortex
gyrus/gyri
41
shallow depression or groove in the cerebral cortex
sulcus
42
a groove that separates the frontal lobe & parietal lobe
central sulcus
43
1st elevation in front of central sulcus
precentral gyrus
44
1st elevation behind the central sulcus
postcentral gyrus
45
fluid-filled cavities within the brain
ventricles
46
fluid that cushions the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
47
Pathway of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Choroid Plexus -> Lateral Ventricle -> Foramen Monro -> Thrid Ventricle -> Sylvian Aqueduct -> Fourth Ventricle -> Lateral Foramen of Luschka -> Medial Foramen of Magendie -> Subarachnoid Spaces
48
produces CSF
Choroid Plexus
49
Brodmann Area 1,2,3 Brodmann Area 5,7
Primary Somatosensory Cortex Somatosensory Cortex
50
Brodmann Area 4 Brodmann Area 6
Primary Motor Area (movement: execution) Premotor Cortex (movement: planning)
51
Brodmann Area 8
Frontal Eye Field
52
Brodmann Area 11,47
Prefrontal Cortex (decision-making)
53
Brodmann Area 17 Brodmann Area 18,19
Primary Visual Cortex Visual Association
54
Brodmann Area 22
Auditory Association Area; Wernicke's Area (comprehension)
55
Brodmann Area 41,42
Primary Auditory Cortex
56
Brodmann Area 44,45
Broca's Area (speech)
57
absorbs & drains CSF to bloodstream
arachnoid villi
58
a condition wherein CSF builds up within the brain
hydrocephalus
59
conducts signals to and from the vrain; controls reflex activities
spinal cord
60
gray matter: ____ ______; white matter: __________ ______
cell bodies; myelinated fibers
61
Cranial Nerve 1
Olfactory Nerve: sense of smell
62
Cranial Nerve 2
Optic Nerve: sensory/vision
63
Cranial Nerve 3
Oculomotor Nerve: movement of eyes
64
Cranial Nerve 4
Trochlear Nerve: Superior Oblique (movement of eyes, downward & laterally)
65
Cranial Nerve 5
Trigeminal Nerve: mastication, facial sensation
66
Cranial Nerve 6
Abducens Nerve: Lateral Rectus (rotates eyeball so that the cornea moves laterally)
67
Cranial Nerve 7
Facial Nerve
68
Cranial Nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear Nerve: hearing & balance
69
Cranial Nerve 9 & 10
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (9) & Vagus Nerve (10): swallowing
70
Cranial Nerve 11
Accessory Nerve
71
Cranial Nerve 12
Hypoglossal Nerve: muscles of tongue
72
muscle for elevation of tongue
palatoglossus
73
muscle for sticking out tongue
genioglossus
74
muscle for depression of tongue
hyoglossus
75
muscle for curling of tongue
styloglossus
76
group of nerves and nerve roots stemming from the distal end of the spinal cord
cauda equina
77
78
which nerve is at the C3, C4, C5
Phrenic Nerve (diaphragm nerve)
79
which nerve is at C6
Musculocutaneous Nerve
80
end of spinal cord
Medulla Occiput
81
nonneural element that extends down to the coccyx
Film Terminale
82
tapered, lowered end of the spinal cord
Conus Medullaris
83
responsible for sensation
sensory fiber
84
responsible for movement
motor fiber
85
responsible for smooth muscles & blood, involuntary movements
autonomic fibers
86
large nerve fibers with myelin sheath; fastest saltatory conduction (12-130m/s)
A Fibers
87
responsible for extrafusal muscle fibers
a-alpha
88
respobsible for proprioception, pressure, and touch
a-beta
89
responsible for intrafusal muscle fibers
a-gamma
90
responsible for the transmission of pain sensations
a-delta
91
types of A fibers
a-alpha, a-beta, a-gamma, a-delta
92
medium-sized fibers with myelin sheath, but slower saltatory conduction
B fibers
93
small-sized unmyelinated fibers, slow continuous conduction (0.5-2m/s); and responsible for the transmission of pain sensations
C fibers
94
Sensory receptors will 1. ____ signals to the brain (2.___________), then to the 3.___________ of nerve fibers a-_____ & a-alpha which results into the ________ of the muscles
send integration innervation a-gamma movement
95

CN 100 (10 decks)

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