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psy100 > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

critical period

A
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2
Q

sensitive period

A
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3
Q

continuity

A
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4
Q

discontinuity

A
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5
Q

schemas

A

ways of perceiving, organizing and thinking about how the world works

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6
Q

accommodation

A

incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema.

existing schemas are no longer sufficient and we experience disequilibrium and become motivated to develop new schemas

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7
Q

assimilation

A

incorporation of new learning into an existing schema without the need to revise the schema

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8
Q

equilibration

A

process by which a child engages in assimilation and accommodation to make sense of the world

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9
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

Jean Piaget’s stage of development begins at birth and ends at age of 2 years and is characterized by active exploration of the environment. info learned through senses

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10
Q

object permanence

A

ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present. things continue to exist when you no longer sense them

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11
Q

primary circular reactions

A
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12
Q

secondary circular reactions

A
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13
Q

tertiary circular reactions

A

little scientists

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14
Q

preoperational stage

A

Jean Piaget’s stage of development begins at the age of 2 years and ends at the age of 6 years and is characterized by the use of symbols, egocentrism, and limits on the ability to reason logically

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15
Q

longitudinal study

A

data from the same group of participants is collected at intervals across a long period of time

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16
Q

cross sectional study

A

data was obtained simultaneously from participants of different ages to make age-related comparisons

17
Q

egocentrism

A

limitations on the ability to understand the point of view of other people

18
Q

conservation

A

ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object does not change its quantity

19
Q

concrete operational stage

A

Jean Piaget’s stage of development begins at the age of 6 years and ends at 12 years and is characterized by logical but not abstract reasoning.

development of more logic thinking but reasoning is limited to concrete objects

20
Q

formal operational stage

A

Jean Piaget’s stage of development begins at age 12 and extends through adulthood and is characterized by mature reasoning capabilities.

dedictive reasoning and problem solving and thinking and reasoning abstractly

21
Q

theory of mind

A

understanding that others have thoughts that are different from one’s own

22
Q

false belief test

A
23
Q

attachment

A

emotional bond linking an infant to a parent or caregiver

24
Q

secure attachment

A

parent of infant-caregiver bonding in which children explore confidently and return to the parent or caregiver for reassurance.

upset when caregiver leaces and easily comforted when caregiver returns

25
Q

insecure attachment

A

parent of infant-caregiver bonding that can take several forms but is generally characterized as less desirable for the child outcome than secure attachment

26
Q

parenting styles

A

love and warmth versus limits and boundaries
-high behavioural regulation and high parental support (authoritative)
-high behavioural regulation and low parental support (authoritarian)
-low behavioural regulation and high parental support (indulgent)
-low behavioural regulation and low parental support (uninvolved)

27
Q

erikson psychosocial theory of development

A

lifespan theory
- every stage of identity features a developmental challenge that must be confronted to move on
-trust vs mistrust (birth-2yrs)
-identity vs role confusion (adolescence)
-intimacy vs isolation (early adulthood)

28
Q

zone of proximal development

A

in Vygotsky’s theory, tasks that the child can accomplish with the assistance of more experienced or knowledgeable individuals

29
Q

scaffolding

A
30
Q

preferential looking technique

A
31
Q

orienting reflex

A
32
Q

synaptic pruning

A

second period of overproduction occurs in the prefrontal cortex just before adolescence followed by a decade of pruning WRITE MORE

33
Q

developmental psychology

A

physiological, cognitive, and social changes that occur in individuals across the lifespan

34
Q

circular reactions

A

repetitive actions observed in children during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development

35
Q

attachment theory

A

strong emotional connection that persists over time and across circumstances

36
Q

adaptive attachment

A

encourages proximity between child and mother/caregiver

37
Q

rhesus money trials

A
38
Q

insecure-resistent (anxious-ambivalent)

A

clings to caregiver, upset, wants and resists comfort

39
Q

insecure-avoidant (anxious-avoidant)

A

little distress when caregiver leaves and ignores upon return

psy100 (11 decks)

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