Chapter 11

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

largest artery in the body

Question 2

apex of the heart

Answer 2

lower tip of the heart

Question 3

arteriole

Answer 3

small artery

Question 4

artery

Answer 4

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Question 5

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

Answer 5

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

Question 6

atrioventricular node (AV node)

Answer 6

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria; electrical impulses pass through toward the ventricles

Question 7

atrium

Answer 7

one of two upper chambers of the heart

Question 8

capillary

Answer 8

smallest type of blood vessel; materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin walls

Question 9

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 9

gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

Question 10

carotid arteries

Answer 10

two common arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood to head, neck, and brain

Question 11

coronary arteries

Answer 11

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

Question 12

deoxygenated blood

Answer 12

blood that is oxygen-poor

Question 13

diastole

Answer 13

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

Question 14

electrocardiogram

Answer 14

record of the electrical activity of the heart; electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, and T

Question 15

endocardium

Answer 15

inner lining of the heart

Question 16

endothelium

Answer 16

innermost lining of blood vessels

Question 17

mitral valve

Answer 17

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

Question 18

murmur

Answer 18

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

Question 19

myocardium

Answer 19

muscular middle layer of the heart

Question 20

normal sinus rhythm

Answer 20

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

Question 21

oxygen

Answer 21

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

Question 22

pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

Answer 22

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

Question 23

pericardium

Answer 23

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

Question 24

pulmonary artery

Answer 24

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 25

pulmonary circulation

Answer 25

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Question 26

pulmonary valve

Answer 26

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 27

pulmonary vein

Answer 27

one of two vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 28

pulse

Answer 28

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

Question 29

septum

Answer 29

partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles

Question 30

sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer 30

pacemaker of the heart

Question 31

sphygmomanometer

Answer 31

instrument to measure blood pressure

Question 32

systemic circulation

Answer 32

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

Question 33

systole

Answer 33

contraction phase of the heartbeat

Question 34

tricuspid valve

Answer 34

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; has three leaflets, or cusps

Question 35

valve

Answer 35

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

Question 36

vein

Answer 36

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart; contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

Question 37

vena cava

Answer 37

largest vein in the body; superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Question 38

ventricle

Answer 38

one of two lower chambers of the heart

Question 39

venule

Answer 39

small vein