Chapter 2

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

surrounds and protects the cell, as well as regulate what passes in and out

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

controls the operation of the cell; directs cell division; determines structure and function of the cell

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

rod-like structures in the nucleus; all cells have 23 pairs, except for sex cells which have 23 unpaired; 46 total

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

regions in the chromosomes that contain DNA

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

deoxyribonucleic acid; regulates cell activities; code-like sequence

Question 6

karyotype

Answer 6

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

all material outside nucleus but inside cell membrane; carries on work of the cell

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

principal source of energy for the cell, responsible for catabolism

Question 9

catabolism

Answer 9

complex foods such as sugar and fat are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

Question 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

network of canals within the cell; attached ribosomes build protein chains; responsible for anabolism

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

build proteins in long chains

Question 12

anabolism

Answer 12

occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum; building large proteins from amino acids

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

total of chemical processes occurring in a cell; combination of anabolism and catabolism

Question 14

histologist

Answer 14

scientist who studies tissues

Question 15

epithelial cells

Answer 15

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Question 16

larynx

Answer 16

voice box, located above the trachea

Question 17

adipose tissue

Answer 17

fat

Question 18

cartilage

Answer 18

elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones

Question 19

pharynx

Answer 19

throat; common passageway for food and air

Question 20

viscera

Answer 20

internal organs

Question 21

pituitary gland

Answer 21

exocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 22

thyroid gland

Answer 22

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 23

trachea

Answer 23

windpipe; tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes

Question 24

ureter

Answer 24

one of two tubes, each leading from a kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 25

urethra

Answer 25

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 26

uterus

Answer 26

womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 27

abdominal cavity

Answer 27

space below the chest; also called the peritoneal cavity

Question 28

cranial cavity

Answer 28

space in head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Question 29

diaphragm

Answer 29

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; moves up and down and aids in breathing

Question 30

dorsal (posterior)

Answer 30

pertaining to the back

Question 31

mediastinum

Answer 31

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 32

pelvic cavity

Answer 32

space below the abdomen; surrounded by hip bones

Question 33

peritoneum

Answer 33

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity; attaches abdominal viscera to muscles; protective membrane around the organs

Question 34

pleura

Answer 34

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

Question 35

pleural cavity

Answer 35

space between the pleural layers

Question 36

spinal cavity

Answer 36

space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Question 37

thoracic cavity

Answer 37

space in the chest containing heart, lungs, and other organs

Question 38

ventral (anterior)

Answer 38

pertaining to the front

Question 39

pleural effusion

Answer 39

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 40

ascites

Answer 40

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 41

right hypochondriac region of the abdomen

Answer 41

right upper region; “below the ribs” 1 on sudoku grid

Question 42

left hypochondriac region of the abdomen

Answer 42

left upper region; “below the ribs” 3 on sudoku grid

Question 43

epigastric region of the abdomen

Answer 43

region above the stomach; upper middle 2 on sudoku grid

Question 44

right lumbar region of the abdomen

Answer 44

right middle; near waist 4 on sudoku grid

Question 45

left lumbar region of the abdomen

Answer 45

left middle; near the waist 6 on sudoku grid

Question 46

umbilical region of the abdomen

Answer 46

central; near navel or umbilicus 5 on sudoku grid

Question 47

right inguinal/iliac region of the abdomen

Answer 47

right lower; near the groin 7 on sudoku grid

Question 48

left inguinal/iliac region of the abdomen

Answer 48

left lower; near the groin 9 on sudoku grid

Question 49

hypogastric region of the abdomen

Answer 49

middle lower; below the stomach 8 on sudoku grid

Question 50

list the four abdominal quadrants

Answer 50

right upper quadrant (RUQ) left upper quadrant (LUQ) right lower quadrant (RLQ) left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 51

where is the cervical region of the spine, and how many vertebrae are there?

Answer 51

neck region; seven vertebrae (C1-C7)

Question 52

where is the thoracic region of the spine and how many vertebrae are there?

Answer 52

chest region; 12 vertebrae (T1-T12); each bone is joined to a rib

Question 53

where is the lumbar spinal region and how many vertebrae are there?

Answer 53

waist; five vertebrae (L1-L5)

Question 54

describe the sacral region of the spine

Answer 54

lower back; five bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone—the sacrum

Question 55

describe the coccygeal region of the spine

Answer 55

the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces

Question 56

spinal disc

Answer 56

small pad of water and cartilage between the vertebrae as a shock absorber

Question 57

difference between the spinal column and spinal cord

Answer 57

spinal column is bone; spinal cord is nerves