Chapter 13

Question 1

albumin

Answer 1

major protein in blood; maintains water content

Question 2

antibody (Ab)

Answer 2

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, etc; specific to an antigen and inactivates it

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

foreign substance/toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 4

basophil

Answer 4

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue (with basic dye) associated with release of histamine and heparin

Question 5

bilirubin

Answer 5

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

Question 6

coagulation

Answer 6

blood clotting

Question 7

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 7

protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells

Question 8

differentiation

Answer 8

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Question 9

eosinophil

Answer 9

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

Question 10

erythroblast

Answer 10

immature red blood cell

Question 11

erythrocyte

Answer 11

red blood cell; about 5 million per microliter/cubic millimeter of blood

Question 12

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 12

hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

Question 13

fibrin

Answer 13

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Question 14

fibrinogen

Answer 14

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Question 15

globulin

Answer 15

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immuno) globulins are examples

Question 16

granulocyte

Answer 16

white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Question 17

hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 17

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Question 18

hemoglobin

Answer 18

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

Question 19

heparin

Answer 19

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Question 20

immune reaction

Answer 20

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Question 21

immunoglobulin

Answer 21

protein (a globulin) with antibody activity

Question 22

leukocyte

Answer 22

white blood cell

Question 23

lymphocyte

Answer 23

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

Question 24

macrophage

Answer 24

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris; in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria/other harmful organisms

Question 25

megakaryocyte

Answer 25

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Question 26

monocyte

Answer 26

leukocyte with one large nucleus; a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris; become macrophages as they leave the blood/enter body tissues

Question 27

mononuclear

Answer 27

pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus

Question 28

myeloblast

Answer 28

immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

Question 29

neutrophil

Answer 29

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Question 30

plasma

Answer 30

liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

Question 31

plasmapheresis

Answer 31

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood; collected cells are retransfused back into the donor; fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma

Question 32

platelet

Answer 32

small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Question 33

polymorphonuclear

Answer 33

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil

Question 34

prothrombin

Answer 34

plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Question 35

reticulocyte

Answer 35

immature erythrocyte; a network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes

Question 36

Rh factor

Answer 36

antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals; factor was first identified in blood of rhesus monkey

Question 37

serum

Answer 37

plasma without clotting proteins/cells

Question 38

stem cell

Answer 38

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized cell

Question 39

thrombin

Answer 39

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Question 40

thrombocyte

Answer 40

platelet