Chapter 21

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug

Question 2

additive action

Answer 2

drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

Question 3

aerosol

Answer 3

particles of drug suspended in air and inhaled

Question 4

anaphylaxis

Answer 4

exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein

Question 5

antagonistic action

Answer 5

combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action)

Question 6

antidote

Answer 6

agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug

Question 7

brand name

Answer 7

commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name

Question 8

chemical name

Answer 8

chemical formula for a drug

Question 9

contraindications

Answer 9

factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

Question 10

controlled substances

Answer 10

drugs that produce tolerance and dependance and have potential for abuse or addiction

Question 11

dependence

Answer 11

physiologic need for a drug with prolonged use

Question 12

dose

Answer 12

amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams

Question 13

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 13

government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use

Question 14

generic name

Answer 14

legal noncommercial name for a drug

Question 15

iatrogenic

Answer 15

condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel

Question 16

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 16

unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people

Question 17

inhalation

Answer 17

administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

Question 18

medicinal chemistry

Answer 18

study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects

Question 19

molecular pharmacology

Answer 19

study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors

Question 20

oral administration

Answer 20

drugs are given by mouth

Question 21

parenteral administration

Answer 21

drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract)

Question 22

pharmacist

Answer 22

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

Question 23

pharmacy

Answer 23

location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs

Question 24

pharmacodynamics

Answer 24

study of drug effects within the body

Question 25

pharmacokinetics

Answer 25

study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

Question 26

pharmacologist

Answer 26

specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs

Question 27

pharmacology

Answer 27

study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs

Question 28

Physician's Desk Reference; PDR

Answer 28

reference book that lists drug products

Question 29

receptor

Answer 29

target substance with which a drug interacts in the body

Question 30

rectal administration

Answer 30

drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum

Question 31

resistance

Answer 31

lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process

Question 32

response

Answer 32

desired and beneficial effect of a drug

Question 33

schedule

Answer 33

exact timing and frequency of drug administration

Question 34

side effect

Answer 34

adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug

Question 35

sublingual administration

Answer 35

drugs are given by placement under the tongue

Question 36

synergism

Answer 36

combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone

Question 37

syringe

Answer 37

instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body

Question 38

tolerance

Answer 38

larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect; the patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as a treatment progresses

Question 39

topical application

Answer 39

drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions

Question 40

toxicity

Answer 40

harmful effects of a drug

Question 41

toxicology

Answer 41

study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body

Question 42

transport

Answer 42

movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells

Question 43

United States Pharmacopeia; USP

Answer 43

authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing

Question 44

vitamin

Answer 44

substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health