Chapter 11 Flashcards by Stephanie Benitez

The innermost layer of the heart, the _______, consists of a smooth
endothelial lining resting upon connective tissue.
a. pericardium
b. myocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. endocardium

d. endocardium

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The outer layer of the heart is the _______.
a. papillary
b. myocardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. epicardium

d. epicardium

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The pericardium consists of two layers that are separated by a potential
space called the _______.
a. pericardium space
b. thoracic cavity
c. epicardial cavity
d. pericardial cavity

d. pericardial cavity

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The _______ pump blood into the great arteries leaving the heart.
a. atria
b. aortas
c. ventricles
d. veins

c. ventricles

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The sequence of blood flow through the heart is _______.
a. right atrium → right ventricle → through
pulmonary circulation → left atrium
b. left atrium → left ventricle → right atrium
→ through pulmonary circulation
c. right ventricle → right atrium → through
pulmonary circulation → left ventricle
d. through pulmonary circulation → right

a. right atrium → right ventricle → through
pulmonary circulation → left atrium

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A small muscular pouch called the _______ increases the surface area of
each atrium.
a. auricle
b. septum
c. papillary muscle
d. pancreas

a. auricle

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The _______ valve guards the passageway between each atrium and
ventricle.
a. tricuspid
b. atrioventricular
c. bicuspid
d. semilunar

b. atrioventricular

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The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is known as the _______
valve.
a. tricuspid
b. atrioventricular
c. bicuspid
d. aortic semilunar

d. aortic semilunar

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Two _______ arteries branch off the aorta as it leaves the heart.
a. coronary
b. cardiac
c. carotid
d. aortic

a. coronary

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The cardiac muscle becomes ________, or lacking in blood supply, when
a coronary artery is blocked.
a. systolic
b. diastolic
c. anemic
d. ischemic

d. ischemic

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The _______, or pacemaker of the heart, is a small mass of specialized
muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium.
a. coronary artery
b. atrioventricular (AV) node
c. sinoatrial (SA) node
d. atrioventricular bundle

c. sinoatrial (SA) node

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Intercalated disks _______.
a. are specialized muscle fibers that conduct
the impulse directly to the AV node
b. are tight junctions between cardiac muscle
fibers that allow an impulse to pass
rapidly from one fiber to the next
c. are the terminal fibers in the heart’s
conduction system
d. initiate the cardiac cycle

b. are tight junctions between cardiac muscle
fibers that allow an impulse to pass
rapidly from one fiber to the next

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Each cardiac cycle begins with _______.
a. contraction of the atria
b. diastole
c. contraction of the ventricles
d. closure of the semilunar valves

a. contraction of the atria

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The first heart sound _______.
a. marks the beginning of ventricular
diastole
b. is caused by the closure of the AV valves
c. is caused by the closure of the semilunar
valves
d. answers a and b are correct

b. is caused by the closure of the AV valves

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Cardiac output is the volume of blood _______.
a. pumped by one ventricle during one beat
b. that leaves the heart in 1 minute
c. pumped by the right atrium into the
pulmonary artery in 1 minute
d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
in 1 minute

d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta
in 1 minute

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According to _____ law of the heart, the greater the amount of blood
delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps.
a. Newton’s
b. Starling’s
c. Heimlich’s
d. Murphy’s

b. Starling’s

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Sensory receptors in blood vessels and in the heart send messages to the
_______ in the medulla of the brain.
a. cardiac centers
b. hypothalamus
c. ion channels
d. nerves

a. cardiac centers

The release of _______ by sympathetic nerves increases the force of
contraction of cardiac muscle fibers.
a. epinephrine
b. norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine
d. plasma

b. norepinephrine

In a trained athlete, the heart _______.
a. enlarges
b. can pump a greater quantity of blood per
beat
c. remains in a state of tachycardia
d. answers a and b are correct

d. answers a and b are correct

The condition in which the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute is
called _______.
a. normal heart rate
b. tachycardia
c. coronary artery disease
d. bradycardia

d. bradycardia

The greatest bulk of the heart wall consists of _______, the cardiac muscle that contracts to pump the blood.
a. myocardium
b. endocardium
c. pericardium
d. septum

a. myocardium

The right and left sides of the heart are completely separated by a wall, or
_______.
a. pericardial cavity
b. thorax
c. septum
d. auricle

c. septum

_______ carry blood to the lungs, where gases are exchanged.
a. Pulmonary veins
b. Pulmonary capillaries
c. Carotid arteries
d. Pulmonary arteries

c. Carotid arteries

The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into the _______.
a. aorta
b. auricle
c. coronary arteries
d. pulmonary artery

a. aorta

The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the _______. a. tricuspid valve b. pulmonary semilunar valve c. bicuspid valve d. mitral valve

b. pulmonary semilunar valve

In _______, the valve is thickened and slows the flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle. a. varicose veins b. aortic aneurism c. pulmonary vein stenosis d. mitral stenosis

c. pulmonary vein stenosis

_______ occurs when heart tissue is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. a. Mitral stenosis b. Tachycardia c. Myocardial infarction d. Anemia

c. Myocardial infarction

Each heartbeat is initiated by the _______, or pacemaker. a. Purkinje fibers b. mitral valve c. atrioventricular bundle d. SA node

d. SA node

From the AV node, the impulse spreads into specialized muscle fibers that form the _______. a. atrioventricular bundle b. AV node c. Purkinje fibers d. intercalated disks

a. atrioventricular bundle

Cardiac muscle fibers are joined at their ends by dense bands called _______. a. Purkinje fibers b. intercalated disks c. AV fibers d. cardiac disks

b. intercalated disks

The events that occur during one complete heartbeat make up the _______. a. coronary sequence b. coronary cycle c. cardiac cycle d. electrocardiogram

c. cardiac cycle

The period of contraction in which blood is forced out of the heart is known as _______. a. systole b. diastole c. cardiac contraction d. coronary occlusion

a. systole

The period of relaxation in which the heart fills with blood is known as _______. a. systole b. diastole c. cardiac contraction d. coronary occlusion

b. diastole

The pathway taken by an electrical impulse through the heart is _______. a. AV node → SA node → cardiac muscle of atria →AV bundle → right or left bundle branch → muscle of ventricles b. SA node → cardiac muscle of atria → AV node → AV bundle → right or left bundle branch → muscle of ventricles c. AV bundle → AV node → muscles of ventricles → muscle of atria → SA node d. muscle of atria → AV node → muscles of ventricles → muscle of atria → SA node

b. SA node → cardiac muscle of atria → AV node → AV bundle → right or left bundle branch → muscle of ventricles

The second heart sound _______. a. marks the beginning of ventricular diastole b. is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves c. is caused by the closure of the AV valves d. answers A and B are correct

d. answers A and B are correct

Cardiac output is the volume of blood _______. a. pumped by one ventricle during one beat b. that leaves the heart in 1 minute c. pumped by the right atrium into the pulmonary artery in 1 minute d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta

d. pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta

According to Starling’s law of the heart, _______. a. an athlete’s heart can pump faster than the heart of a nonathlete b. stroke volume increases as cardiac output increases c. the greater the amount of blood delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps d. cardiac output equals stroke volume times heart rate

c. the greater the amount of blood delivered to the heart by the veins, the more blood the heart pumps

Cardiac centers _______. a. control autonomic nerves that signal the SA node b. are located in the midbrain c. are regulated by acetylcholine d. answers A and B are correct

a. control autonomic nerves that signal the SA node

_______ increases heart rate. a. Relaxation b. Norepinephrine c. Acetylcholine d. Subnormal temperatures

b. Norepinephrine

A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute is referred to as _______. a. tachycardia b. bradycardia c. ischemia d. myocardial infarction

a. tachycardia