Chapter 14

Question 1

_______ is the exchange of gases between the body and its environment.
a. Expiration
b. Respiration
c. Inhalation
d. Exhalation

Answer 1

b. Respiration

Question 2

Respiration supplies the cells of the body with _______ and rids them of_______.
a. oxygen; carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide; oxygen
c. oxygen; nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide; nitrogen

Answer 2

a. oxygen; carbon dioxide

Question 3

The respiratory system consists of the _______ and the _______.
a. lungs; pulmonary arteries
b. trachea; alveoli
c. airway; pulmonary vessels and nerves
d. lungs; airway

Answer 3

d. lungs; airway

Question 4

The correct sequence of airflow into the body is _______.
a. nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx →
trachea → bronchus → bronchioles →
alveoli
b. nasal cavities → larynx → pharynx →
trachea → bronchus → bronchioles →
alveoli
c. nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx →
trachea → bronchioles → bronchus →
alveoli
d. nasal cavities → larynx → pharynx →
trachea → bronchioles → bronchus →
alveoli

Answer 4

a. nasal cavities → pharynx → larynx →
trachea → bronchus → bronchioles →
alveoli

Question 5

_______ cells within the lining of the nose produce more than a pint of mucus a day.
a. White blood
b. Immune
c. Ciliated
d. Mucous

Answer 5

d. Mucous

Question 6

Air enters the _______, the superior part of the pharynx.
a. oropharynx
b. nasopharynx
c. laryngopharynx
d. glottis

Answer 6

b. nasopharynx

Question 7

The opening into the larynx is the _______.
a. epiglottis
b. glottis
c. laryngopharynx
d. trachea

Answer 7

b. glottis

Question 8

The _______ is often referred to as the voice box.
a. epiglottis
b. pharynx
c. larynx
d. hilus

Answer 8

c. larynx

Question 9

During swallowing, a flap of tissue, the _______, automatically closes off
the larynx so food cannot enter the lower airway.
a. epiglottis
b. glottis
c. hilus
d. tracheal flap

Answer 9

a. epiglottis

Question 10

The trachea divides into the right and left primary _______.
a. larynx
b. pharynx
c. bronchioles
d. bronchi

Answer 10

d. bronchi

Question 11

The lungs are large, paired, spongy organs that occupy the _______ cavity.
a. pericardial
b. dorsal
c. thoracic
d. lumbar

Answer 11

c. thoracic

Question 12

Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung at the _______.
a. hilus
b. bronchial tree
c. glottis
d. diaphragm

Answer 12

a. hilus

Question 13

The _______ is a strong, dome-shaped muscle and is the floor of the
thoracic cavity.
a. alveolus
b. diaphragm
c. intercostal
d. visceral pleura

Answer 13

b. diaphragm

Question 14

_______ is the movement of air into and out of the lungs and is generally accomplished by breathing.
a. Cardiac ventilation
b. Pulmonary ventilation
c. Cardiac respiration
d. Pulmonary expiration

Answer 14

b. Pulmonary ventilation

Question 15

The wall of an alveolus consists of _______.
a. stratified squamous epithelium with
mucous cells
b. an epithelial lining resting on a thick layer
of connective tissue
c. a single layer of epithelial cells containing
macrophages and plasma cells
d. a single layer of epithelial cells and elastic
fibers

Answer 15

d. a single layer of epithelial cells and elastic
fibers

Question 16

During inspiration, when the volume of the lungs increases, _______.
a. air moves out of the lungs
b. oxygen moves out of the lungs
c. air moves into the lungs
d. air pressure in the lungs increases

Answer 16

c. air moves into the lungs

Question 17

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mainly _______.
a. as bicarbonate ions
b. dissolved in the plasma
c. attached to hemoglobin
d. as carbonic acid

Answer 17

a. as bicarbonate ions

Question 18

The rate, depth, and rhythm of breathing are regulated by the respiratory
centers in the _______ and ______.
a. medulla; heart
b. medulla; pons
c. pons; lungs
d. lungs; heart

Answer 18

b. medulla; pons

Question 19

Specialized receptors called _______ in the medulla and in the walls of the
aorta and carotid arteries are sensitive to changes in arterial carbon dioxide concentration.
a. chemoreceptors
b. baroreceptors
c. nociceptors
d. carboreceptors

Answer 19

a. chemoreceptors

Question 20

_______ increases the chances that inhaled particles are trapped by mucus
and do not enter the lungs.
a. Bronchial constriction
b. CPR
c. Bronchitis
d. Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 20

a. Bronchial constriction

Question 21

During cellular respiration, _______ is produced as a waste product.
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide
d. glucose

Answer 21

c. carbon dioxide

Question 22

The _______ is more popularly known as the voice box.
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. trachea
d. bronchioles

Answer 22

b. larynx

Question 23

Air passes into the nose through its two openings, the _______, or nostrils.
a. nasal septum
b. sinuses
c. nares
d. bronchioles

Answer 23

c. nares

Question 24

The bony structures that increase the surface area in the nose are the _______.
a. nasal septa
b. nostrils
c. bronchioles
d. conchae

Answer 24

d. conchae

Question 25

The opening into the larynx is the _______. a. glottis b. epiglottis c. Adam’s apple d. trachea

Answer 25

a. glottis

Question 26

The _______, or windpipe, is located anterior to the esophagus. a. larynx b. trachea c. bronchus d. glottis

Answer 26

b. trachea

Question 27

The cilia-propelled mucus elevator keeps foreign material out of the _______. a. stomach b. lungs c. nasal septum d. vocal cords

Answer 27

b. lungs

Question 28

Alveoli are coated by a thin film of _______, a substance that prevents the alveoli from collapsing. a. mucus b. carbonic acid c. oxygen d. surfactant

Answer 28

d. surfactant

Question 29

Each lung is covered with a(n) _______, which forms a sac enclosing the lung and continues as the lining of the thoracic cavity. a. mass of capillaries b. pleural membrane c. parietal pleura d. intercostal muscle

Answer 29

b. pleural membrane

Question 30

Expired air has more than 100 times more _______ than air inspired from the environment. a. oxygen b. surfactant c. hydrogen d. carbon dioxide

Answer 30

d. carbon dioxide

Question 31

During inspiration, the _______. a. diaphragm contracts and flattens and the intercostal muscles contract b. diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, permitting the elastic tissues of the lung to recoil c. diaphragm does not play a role d. external intercostal muscles relax

Answer 31

a. diaphragm contracts and flattens and the intercostal muscles contract

Question 32

All of the following pairs are synonymous except _______. a. bronchioles and alveoli b. trachea and windpipe c. inspiration and inhalation d. pharynx and throat

Answer 32

a. bronchioles and alveoli

Question 33

The vital link between the alveoli and the body cells is the _______. a. bronchial tree b. diaphragm c. circulatory system d. lungs

Answer 33

c. circulatory system

Question 34

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly as _______. a. carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma b. carboxyhemoglobin c. bicarbonate ions d. carbonic acid

Answer 34

c. bicarbonate ions

Question 35

Hemoglobin forms a weak bond with ________ to be transported in the blood. a. carbon monoxide b. nitrogen c. bicarbonate ions d. oxygen

Answer 35

d. oxygen

Question 36

Impulses from the medulla reach the diaphragm by way of the _______ nerves. a. vagus b. phrenic c. tracheal d. sciatic

Answer 36

b. phrenic

Question 37

Breathing is regulated by _______. a. respiratory centers in the medulla and pons b. oxygen concentration in the blood c. diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide d. buffers in the blood

Answer 37

a. respiratory centers in the medulla and pons

Question 38

A decrease in carbon dioxide inhibits _______, resulting in slower breathing. a. chemoreceptors b. the phrenic center in the pons c. the alveoli d. capillaries in the lungs

Answer 38

a. chemoreceptors

Question 39

_______ increase(s) the chances that inhaled particles are trapped by mucus and do not enter the lungs. a. Rapid breathing b. Slow breathing c. Macrophages in the trachea d. Bronchial constriction

Answer 39

d. Bronchial constriction

Question 40

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are chronic _______ diseases that have been linked to smoking and breathing polluted air. a. coronary b. lung capillary c. pulmonary d. alveolar

Answer 40

c. pulmonary