Chapter 13 Flashcards by Stephanie Benitez

_______ is the study of the body’s defense mechanisms.
a. Pathology
b. Anatomy
c. Immunology
d. Physiology

c. Immunology

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An _______ involves recognition of foreign molecules and an action
aimed at eliminating them.
a. antigen
b. antibody response
c. immune pathway
d. immune response

d. immune response

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_______ defense mechanisms include barriers that prevent pathogens from
entering the body.
a. Nonspecific
b. Specific
c. Antibody
d. Cytokine

a. Nonspecific

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_______ is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens and other
harmful substances.
a. Inflammation
b. Skin
c. Edema
d. The macrophage

b. Skin

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_______ are cells that ingest bacteria and other foreign matter.
a. Natural killer (NK) cells
b. Interleukins
c. Phagocytes
d. Serotonins

c. Phagocytes

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_______ occurs as the volume of interstitial fluid increases.
a. Fever
b. Phagocytosis
c. Immunity
d. Edema

d. Edema

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_______ is a common clinical sign of widespread inflammatory response.
a. Decreased blood flow
b. Blood vessel constriction
c. Fever
d. Phagocytosis

c. Fever

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_______ are a diverse group of peptides and proteins that cells of the
immune system use to signal one another.
a. Complement
b. Cytokines
c. Histamines
d. Serotonins

b. Cytokines

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Interferons are cytokines that _______.
a. signal cells to produce antiviral proteins
b. are produced by cells infected by viruses
and they kill those cells
c. stimulate macrophages to release
histamines
d. are released by NK cells

a. signal cells to produce antiviral proteins

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Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
a. Macrophages and neutrophils
b. NK cells and T cells
c. Plasma cells and macrophages
d. Macrophages and dendritic cells

d. Macrophages and dendritic cells

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Once activated, a _______ multiplies by mitosis, giving rise to a sizeable
clone of cells identical to itself.
a. T cell
b. macrophage
c. plasma cell
d. memory B cell

a. T cell

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Killer T cells _______.
a. produce antibodies
b. develop into plasma cells
c. migrate to the infected area and release
enzymes that destroy pathogens
d. produce large clones of cells

c. migrate to the infected area and release
enzymes that destroy pathogens

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The principal job of a(n) _______ is to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.
a. plasma cell
b. antibody
c. memory B cell
d. helper T cell

b. antibody

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Some activated B cells become _______ and continue for years to produce small amounts of antibody.
a. memory T cells
b. helper T cells
c. memory B cells
d. killer B cells

c. memory B cells

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An antigen-antibody complex _______.
a. attacks mast cells
b. stimulates phagocytes to destroy
pathogens
c. presents antigens to plasma cells
d. releases histamines

b. stimulates phagocytes to destroy
pathogens

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Antibodies of the IgG and IgM groups activate _______.
a. the complement system
b. cytokines
c. antigens
d. immunosuppression

a. the complement system

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_______ develops from exposure to antigens.
a. Passive immunity
b. Active immunity
c. Short-term immunity
d. Nonimmunity

b. Active immunity

_______ is borrowed immunity, so its effects do not last.
a. Passive immunity
b. Active immunity
c. Immunization
d. Primary response

a. Passive immunity

_______ is an example of the immune system overreacting to mild
antigens.
a. HIV
b. Cancer
c. Autoimmune disease
d. Allergic reaction

d. Allergic reaction

_______ often evade the immune system and multiply in an uncontrolled
way.
a. Cancer cells
b. Cells targeted by graft rejection
c. Mast cells
d. Viruses that cause autoimmune diseases

a. Cancer cells

Immune responses depend on communication among cells, or _______.
a. antigens
b. antibodies
c. cell signaling
d. pathogens

c. cell signaling

_______ immune responses are precise responses against specific foreign
molecules that have gained entrance to the body.
a. Nonspecific
b. Specific
c. Cell signaling
d. Barrier

b. Specific

A molecule recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(n) _______.
a. antigen
b. antibody
c. pathogen
d. cytokine

a. antigen

Mechanical and chemical barriers, as well as inflammation, are examples of _______ defenses.
a. nonspecific
b. specific
c. cell signaling
d. antigen

a. nonspecific

Some complement proteins _______. a. destroy macrophages and neutrophils b. promote production of plasma cells c. reset the body’s thermostat, causing fever d. stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation

d. stimulate phagocytosis and inflammation

_______ is not a clinical characteristic of inflammation. a. Edema b. Redness c. Pain d. Decrease in temperature

d. Decrease in temperature

In _______, a cell flows around a bacterium and engulfs it. a. phagocytosis b. antigen presentation c. interferon release d. inflammation

a. phagocytosis

The principal warriors in specific immune responses are the trillion or so _______ stationed strategically in the lymph tissue. a. phagocytes b. lymphocytes c. macrophages d. B cells

d. B cells

_______ remain in lymph tissue for many years after an infection. a. Memory T cells b. Macrophages c. Helper T cells d. Killer B cells

a. Memory T cells

_______ continue to produce small amounts of antibody for years after an infection. a. Memory T cells b. Macrophages c. T cells d. Memory B cells

d. Memory B cells

_______ are important in destroying cancer cells and cells infected by viruses. a. Memory B cells b. Killer B cells c. NK cells d. Macrophages

c. NK cells

About 75% of the antibodies in the body are _______. a. IgM b. IgD c. IgG d. IgA

c. IgG

Pregnant women confer _______ immunity upon their developing babies by producing antibodies for them. a. passive b. active c. no d. maternal

a. passive

When individuals are exposed to a disease like viral hepatitis or anthrax, they can be injected with _______ to help protect them from the disease. a. antigen-antibody complex b. immunizations c. gamma globulin d. T cells

c. gamma globulin

Plasma cells _______. a. develop into macrophages b. produce antibodies c. develop from competent T cells d. produce antigens

b. produce antibodies

A second exposure to an antigen, even years after the first exposure,________. a. results in a much more rapid immune response b. stimulates an immune response that requires about 2 weeks to be effective c. stimulates complement production d. stimulates passive immunity

a. results in a much more rapid immune response

The HIV infects _______ and seriously impairs immune function, placing the patient at risk for other infections. a. memory T cells b. memory B cells c. helper T cells d. killer T cells

c. helper T cells

Multiple sclerosis is an example of _______. a. an allergic reaction b. an autoimmune disease c. immunological competence d. a complement system

b. an autoimmune disease

In allergic reactions, _______. a. there is a very slow, nonspecific immune response b. transplanted tissue is destroyed c. helper T cells stimulate complement production d. mast cells release histamine,

d. mast cells release histamine,

Transplanted tissues have foreign antigens that stimulate _______, an immune response in which T cells destroy the transplant. a. graft rejection b. immunosuppression c. autoimmune disease d. allergic reactions

a. graft rejection