Chapter 15

Question 1

_______ are the substances in food that are used as building blocks to
make new cells and tissues.
a. Mucosae
b. Enzymes
c. Nutrients
d. Calories

Answer 1

c. Nutrients

Question 2

The ______ system processes food and breaks it down into a form that can
be delivered to and used by the cells.
a. urinary
b. digestive
c. respiratory
d. reproductive

Answer 2

b. digestive

Question 3

_______ involves taking food into the mouth, chewing it, and swallowing it.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Elimination
d. Absorption

Answer 3

a. Ingestion

Question 4

_______ removes undigested and unabsorbed food from the body.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Elimination
d. Absorption

Answer 4

c. Elimination

Question 5

The digestive tract, also called the _______, is a tube about 8 m long.
a. visceral peritoneum
b. alimentary canal
c. small intestine
d. large intestine

Answer 5

b. alimentary canal

Question 6

Undigested food is eliminated through the _______.
a. submucosa
b. anus
c. appendix
d. cecum

Answer 6

b. anus

Question 7

The correct pathway for digestion is _______.
a. mouth → esophagus → pharynx →
stomach → small intestine → large
intestine
b. mouth → esophagus → pharynx →
stomach → large intestine → small
intestine
c. mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → large intestine → small
intestine
d. mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → small intestine → large
intestine

Answer 7

d. mouth → pharynx → esophagus →
stomach → small intestine → large
intestine

Question 8

An inflammation of the peritoneum is called _______.
a. peritonitis
b. gastritis
c. diverticulitis
d. peristalsis

Answer 8

a. peritonitis

Question 9

A large double fold of peritoneal tissue, the _______, extends from the parietal peritoneum and attaches to the small intestine.
a. greater omentum
b. lesser omentum
c. mesentery
d. mesocolon

Answer 9

c. mesentery

Question 10

_______ helps protect the tooth against wear and tear of chewing and
against chemical substances that might dissolve its inner tissue.
a. Dentin
b. Pulp cavity
c. Enamel
d. A root canal

Answer 10

c. Enamel

Question 11

Saliva contains _______, which chemically breaks down starches.
a. salivary amylase
b. mucus
c. hydrochloric acid
d. pepsin

Answer 11

a. salivary amylase

Question 12

A small mass of tissue, the _______, hangs from the lower border of the soft palate.
a. pharynx
b. hard palate
c. glottis
d. uvula

Answer 12

d. uvula

Question 13

The exit of the stomach is guarded by the _______, a strong ring of muscle.
a. pyloric sphincter
b. cardiac sphincter
c. rugae
d. duodenum

Answer 13

a. pyloric sphincter

Question 14

The first 22 cm of the small intestine make up the _______, which is curved like the letter C.
a. jejunum
b. ileum
c. colon
d. duodenum

Answer 14

d. duodenum

Question 15

The small intestine is normally shut off from the large intestine by a sphincter muscle called the _______.
a. pyloric sphincter
b. duojejunum valve
c. anal sphincter
d. ileocecal valve

Answer 15

d. ileocecal valve

Question 16

_______ is stored in the pear-shaped gallbladder.
a. Pepsin
b. Glucose
c. Bile
d. Gastrin

Answer 16

c. Bile

Question 17

The villi in the lining of the small intestine _______.
a. produce pepsin
b. increase the surface area for digestion and
absorption
c. secrete alkaline mucus
d. secrete bile

Answer 17

b. increase the surface area for digestion and
absorption

Question 18

_______ are digested into their component amino acids.
a. Proteins
b. Minerals
c. Lipids
d. Vitamins

Answer 18

a. Proteins

Question 19

_______ are organic compounds required for certain reactions to take
place; many serve as coenzymes.
a. Minerals
b. Antioxidants
c. Polysaccharides
d. Vitamins

Answer 19

d. Vitamins

Question 20

When energy input is greater than energy output, _______.
a. minerals are lacking in the diet
b. weight loss occurs
c. weight gain occurs
d. extra vitamins are needed

Answer 20

c. weight gain occurs

Question 21

The process of taking in and using food is _______.
a. digestion
b. absorption
c. nutrition
d. elimination

Answer 21

c. nutrition

Question 22

_______ is the transfer of digested food through the wall of the stomach or
intestine and into the circulatory system.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Absorption
d. Elimination

Answer 22

c. Absorption

Question 23

_______ is the breakdown of food into small molecules.
a. Ingestion
b. Digestion
c. Absorption
d. Elimination

Answer 23

b. Digestion

Question 24

Below the diaphragm, the digestive tract is referred to as the _______.
a. GI tract
b. peritoneal cavity
c. mesentery
d. mesocolon

Answer 24

a. GI tract

Question 25

_______ is not an accessory digestive gland. a. Salivary gland b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Duodenum

Answer 25

d. Duodenum

Question 26

The _______ hangs down over the intestine like an apron. a. lesser omentum b. mesentery c. mesocolon d. greater omentum

Answer 26

d. greater omentum

Question 27

The mucosa of the digestive tract _______. a. is the outer coat of the wall of the digestive tract b. is specialized for digestion or absorption in some regions c. pushes food along by peristalsis d. is called the visceral peritoneum below the level of the diaphragm

Answer 27

b. is specialized for digestion or absorption in some regions

Question 28

The dentin encloses a(n) _______ that contains nerves and blood vessels. A. Root canal B. pulp cavity C. Conduit D. Enamel cavity

Answer 28

B.Pulp cavity

Question 29

Which of the following is not true of saliva? a. Contains salivary amylase b. Secreted by the parotid glands c. Contains trypsin d. Helps convert the food to a bolus

Answer 29

c. Contains trypsin

Question 30

The oropharynx and nasopharynx are partitioned by the _______, which hangs down like a curtain between them. a. uvula b. soft palate c. epiglottis d. glottis

Answer 30

b. soft palate

Question 31

The ________ is lined with villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for digestion and absorption of nutrients. a. stomach b. colon c. pancreas d. small intestine

Answer 31

d. small intestine

Question 32

The pancreas is a large, long gland that ________. a. releases the hormone CCK b. secretes both hormones and digestive enzymes c. releases its products into the stomach d. is important in the mechanical digestion of fats

Answer 32

b. secretes both hormones and digestive enzymes

Question 33

Oxygen-rich blood is brought to the liver by the _______. a. common bile duct b. thoracic aorta c. hepatic arteries d. hepatic portal vein

Answer 33

c. hepatic arteries

Question 34

The liver produces and secretes bile, which is important in the mechanical digestion of _______. a. fats b. proteins c. carbohydrates d. cellulose

Answer 34

a. fats

Question 35

Starch digestion begins in the _______. a. stomach b. mouth c. esophagus d. duodenum

Answer 35

b. mouth

Question 36

Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine? a. Absorption of sodium and water b. Incubation of bacteria c. Elimination of wastes d. Digestion

Answer 36

d. Digestion

Question 37

During digestion, most carbohydrates are broken down into _______. a. simple sugars like glucose b. amino acids c. fatty acids d. glycerol

Answer 37

a. simple sugars like glucose

Question 38

_______ is/are inorganic compounds usually ingested in the form of dissolved salts. a. Fatty acids b. Vitamins c. Minerals d. Amino acids

Answer 38

c. Minerals

Question 39

The last 4 cm of the large intestine is the _______. a. sigmoid colon b. transverse colon c. anal canal d. rectum

Answer 39

c. anal canal

Question 40

The amount of energy used by the body per unit of time is a measure of _______. a. calories b. metabolic rate c. nutritional status d. malnutrition

Answer 40

b. metabolic rate