chapter 16 Flashcards by Stephanie Benitez

The _______ system helps regulate the volume and composition of body
fluids.
a. reproductive
b. somatic
c. respiratory
d. urinary

d. urinary

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_______ is defined as the discharge of metabolic by-products and wastes.
a. Elimination
b. Excretion
c. Urination
d. Defecation

b. Excretion

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Urea and uric acid are transported from the liver to the kidneys by the
_______ system.
a. circulatory
b. respiratory
c. urinary
d. digestive

a. circulatory

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The urinary system secretes _______, which is important in regulating
blood pressure.
a. renin
b. erythropoietin
c. urea
d. ammonia

a. renin

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The _______ remove(s) metabolic by-products and wastes from the blood
and produce(s) urine.
a. liver
b. ureters
c. kidneys
d. urethra

c. kidneys

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Urine passes from a collecting duct through a renal papilla and into a
small tube called a _______.
a. minor calyx
b. major calyx
c. renal pelvis
d. renal medulla

a. minor calyx

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The _______ consists of a cluster of capillaries.
a. renal corpuscle
b. glomerulus
c. Bowman’s capsule
d. nephron

b. glomerulus

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The afferent arteriole _______.
a. conducts blood away from the glomerulus
b. surrounds the renal tubule
c. delivers blood to the glomerulus
d. delivers blood to the urinary bladder

c. delivers blood to the glomerulus

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The average bladder can hold about _______ before the urge to urinate is
felt.
a. 35 mL
b. 300 mL
c. 50 mL
d. 1 L

c. 50 mL

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The amount of water in urine is about _______.
a. 50%
b. 65%
c. 20%
d. 96%

d. 96%

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During glomerular filtration, _______.
a. blood is filtered out of the glomerulus and
into the loop of Henle
b. plasma leaves the capillaries and enters
Bowman’s capsule
c. intracellular fluid is filtered and become
part of the filtrate
d. the juxtaglomerular apparatus

b. plasma leaves the capillaries and enters
Bowman’s capsule

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Dehydration does not normally occur because about 99% of the filtrate is returned to the blood by _______.
a. tubular reabsorption
b. the renal artery
c. the juxtaglomerular apparatus
d. tubular secretion

a. tubular reabsorption

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In contrast to glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption _______.
a. works against homeostasis
b. takes place mainly in the collecting ducts
c. is highly selective
d. returns metabolic wastes to the blood

c. is highly selective

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Healthy urine _______.
a. contains bacteria
b. is sterile
c. is highly concentrated
d. contains glucose

b. is sterile

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_______ acts on the collecting ducts and causes an increase in water
excretion by the kidneys.
a. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
b. ATP
c. Aldosterone
d. Angiotensin

a. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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Aldosterone _______.
a. decreases blood pressure by decreasing
ADH production
b. increases urine volume
c. stimulates the release of angiotensin II by
the kidney
d. increases sodium reabsorption, which
results in an increase in blood pressure

d. increases sodium reabsorption, which
results in an increase in blood pressure

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________ is the water in the body and the substances dissolved in it.
a. Solvent
b. Body fluid
c. Intracellular fluid
d. Extracellular fluid

b. Body fluid

When fluid output is greater than fluid intake, _______ occurs.
a. uremia
b. diabetes insipidus
c. dehydration
d. dialysis

c. dehydration

Electrolytes produce positively charged ions called _______.
a. anions
b. prions
c. cations
d. protons

c. cations

The term _______ refers to any condition in which the hydrogen ion
concentration of plasma is elevated above the homeostatic range.
a. alkalosis
b. hemolytic
c. buffered
d. acidosis

d. acidosis

_______ is the discharge from the body of metabolic wastes and excess
solutes and other substances.
a. Elimination
b. Excretion
c. Urination
d. Defecation

b. Excretion

The principal metabolic by-products are _______.
a. amino acids, nucleic acids, carbon
monoxide, and glucose
b. water, protein, and carbon monoxide
c. carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes, and
glucose
d. water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous
wastes

d. water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous
wastes

_______ is formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids.
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Urea
c. Ammonia
d. Uric acid

d. Uric acid

Which of the following is not a regulatory function of the urinary system?
a. Secretes renin
b. Regulates pH level of the blood
c. Secretes aldosterone
d. Regulates electrolyte concentration

c. Secretes aldosterone

The urinary system secretes erythropoietin, which regulates the production of ________. a. bile pigments b. urine c. electrolytes d. red blood cells

d. red blood cells

Urine is temporarily stored in the _______ before discharge. a. urethra b. urinary bladder c. kidney d. renal cortex

b. urinary bladder

Urine is discharged from the body through the ________. a. urethra b. ureters c. bladder d. renal pelvis

a. urethra

The kidneys receive blood from the _______. a. renal artery b. superior vena cava c. renal vein d. efferent arteriole

a. renal artery

The correct order for urine to flow through structures of the kidney is _______. a. collecting duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal papilla → ureter b. collecting duct → minor calyx → renal papilla → major calyx → ureter c. collecting duct → renal papilla → minor calyx → major calyx → ureter d. renal papilla → collecting duct → minor calyx → major calyx → ureter

a. collecting duct → minor calyx → major calyx → renal papilla → ureter

The _______ filter(s) blood and produce(s) urine. a. glomerulus b. Bowman’s capsule c. bladder d. nephrons

d. nephrons

During glomerular filtration, _______. a. blood is filtered out of Bowman’s capsule and into the collecting duct b. plasma leaves the capillaries of the glomerulus and enters Bowman’s capsule c. intracellular fluid is filtered and becomes part of the urine d. the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes fluid into the renal tubule

b. plasma leaves the capillaries of the glomerulus and enters Bowman’s capsule

Dehydration does not normally occur because about 99% of the filtrate is returned to the blood by _______. a. the juxtaglomerular apparatus b. the renal artery c. tubular reabsorption d. tubular secretion

c. tubular reabsorption

In contrast to glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption _______. a. retains glucose in the filtrate b. takes place mainly in the collecting ducts c. is highly selective d. returns metabolic wastes to the blood

c. is highly selective

In tubular secretion, _______. a. certain substances are secreted into the filtrate b. hydrogen ions are actively transported from the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate in the renal tubules c. urine is secreted into the ureters d. about 1200 g of salt are transported back into the blood during each 24-hour period

b. hydrogen ions are actively transported from the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate in the renal tubules

ADH _______. a. is secreted when the blood volume is too high b. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland c. decreases the permeability of the collecting ducts d. decreases the volume of urine produced

d. decreases the volume of urine produced

Salt excretion is regulated by hormones, mainly _______. a. ADH b. aldosterone c. angiotensin II d. progesterone

b. aldosterone

Fluid intake is regulated by the ________. a. kidneys b. pituitary c. hypothalamus d. nephrons

c. hypothalamus

The term _______ refers to the water in the body and the substances dissolved in it. a. blood b. interstitial fluid c. body fluid d. lymph

c. body fluid

39. _______ ions are the most abundant extracellular anions. a. Calcium b. Sodium c. Chloride d. Magnesium

c. Chloride

Excessive vomiting can lead to _______ because hydrochloric acid is lost from the stomach. a. respiratory acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. metabolic acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

The _______ system helps regulate acid-base balance by adjusting the breathing rate. a. urinary b. muscular c. circulatory d. respiratory

d. respiratory