Chapter 11

Question 1

psychodynamic theory

Answer 1

behavior motivate by the brain (memories, conflicts)

Question 2

dual-instinct theory

Answer 2

instincts are eros (life) and thanatos (death)

Question 3

three parts to personality

Answer 3

id (instinct), ego (reality), and superego (unconscious)

Question 4

libido

Answer 4

energy generated by sexual instinct

Question 5

fixation

Answer 5

partial or complete halt in individual’s psychosexual development

Question 6

oral stage

Answer 6

pleasure from mouth, lips, and tongue

Question 7

anal stage

Answer 7

defecating or holding feces

Question 8

anal retentive

Answer 8

neat and orderly - parents were lax about potty training

Question 9

anal expulsive

Answer 9

messy and disorganized

Question 10

phallic stage

Answer 10

discover genitals, connect with parent of other gender

Question 11

oedipus complex

Answer 11

son attracted to mother subconsciously. causes castration anxiety, that dad will be mad at him for loving his mom

Question 12

electra complex

Answer 12

daughter loves dad subconsciously, while being mad at mom for not having a penis. penis envy

Question 13

latency

Answer 13

unconscious sexual urges go dormant, all libido redirected to learning social skills

Question 14

genital stage

Answer 14

sexual impulses reawaken, become conscious. capable of mature love

Question 15

personal unconscious

Answer 15

repressed thoughts, forgotten memories, undeveloped ideas

Question 16

collective unconscious

Answer 16

part inherited and common to a whole species

Question 17

the persona

Answer 17

the mask you show people/what you want others to see

Question 18

the shadow

Answer 18

part of personality you try to hide

Question 19

anima

Answer 19

feminine side of men

Question 20

animus

Answer 20

masculine side of women

Question 21

Alfred Adler believed

Answer 21

personality is shaped by desire for improvement or perfection

Question 22

compensation

Answer 22

trying to overcome inadequacy

Question 23

inferiority complex

Answer 23

when you laser in on inadequacies and can’t move on

Question 24

infancy

Answer 24

trust vs mistrust

Question 25

early childhood

Answer 25

2-3; autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 26

preschool

Answer 26

3-5; initiative vs guilt

Question 27

school age

Answer 27

6-11; industry vs inferiority

Question 28

adolescence

Answer 28

12-18; identity vs role confusion

Question 29

young adult

Answer 29

19-40; intimacy vs isolation

Question 30

middle adulthood

Answer 30

40-65; generativity vs stagnation

Question 31

maturity

Answer 31

65-death; ego identity vs despair

Question 32

Sheldon's Somatotype

Answer 32

body type influences personality

Question 33

endormorphic body shape

Answer 33

viscerotonia personality; round and soft body. relaxed, sociable, tolerant, extravert, peaceful

Question 34

mesomorphic body type

Answer 34

somatotonia personality; muscular, sturdy, upright. assertive, active, vigorous, combative

Question 35

ectomorphic body type

Answer 35

cerebrotoria personality; thin, small boned, fragile. introvert, quiet, non-assertive, sensitive, fragile.

Question 36

big five divisions of personality

Answer 36

extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, introversion ?

Question 37

altruism

Answer 37

helping someone without expecting something in return

Question 38

conscientiousness

Answer 38

dutifulness, achievement, discipline, orderly

Question 39

Reality principle

Answer 39

how the ego delays the id so instincts can be fulfilled safely

Question 40

ego ideal

Answer 40

what one aspires to be

Question 41

defense mechanisms

Answer 41

methods of reducing anxiety

Question 42

denial

Answer 42

refusing to acknowledge a painful/threatening reality

Question 43

repression

Answer 43

excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness

Question 44

projection

Answer 44

attributing one's own repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others

Question 45

identification

Answer 45

taking on someone else's characteristics to feel competent

Question 46

regression

Answer 46

acting like a child

Question 47

intellectualization

Answer 47

thinking abstractly about your issues to detach yourself from them

Question 48

reaction formation

Answer 48

expressing exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of what one represses

Question 49

displacement

Answer 49

shifting repressed motives and emotions from an original object to a substitute object

Question 50

sublimation

Answer 50

redirecting repressed motives and feelings into more socially acceptable channels

Question 51

rational individual

Answer 51

people who regulate their actions through logic and emotion

Question 52

irrational individual

Answer 52

actions based on sensation or intuition

Question 53

anxiety

Answer 53

reaction to real or imagined threats

Question 54

neurotic trends

Answer 54

irrational strategies for dealing with emotions; reduces anxiety

Question 55

humanistic personality theory

Answer 55

a theory that prioritizes the inherit goodness of people and their attempts at improvement

Question 56

actualizing tendency

Answer 56

done for everything to fulfil potential and be the best it can be

Question 57

self-actualizing tendency

Answer 57

human drive to live up to their expectations of themselves.

Question 58

cognitive-social learning theories

Answer 58

view behavior as a result of environment, experiences, and reactions

Question 59

expectancies

Answer 59

what one expects of a situation

Question 60

performance standards

Answer 60

people develop standards to rate themselves

Question 61

self-efficacy

Answer 61

how successful one expects their efforts to be

Question 62

tract theory

Answer 62

facets of personality are permanent, causing thoughts, feelings, and actions to be "characteristic"

Question 63

factor analysis

Answer 63

statistic technique that identifies groups of related traits

Question 64

trait clusters

Answer 64

some of the 200 traits that are often found together