Chapter 11 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the four most important immigration areas?
United States, Western Europe, Canada, Australia
What does acculturation refer to?
The process of adapting to a different culture
What are the two broad categories of acculturation models?
One-dimensional models and multidimensional models
What characterizes one-dimensional models of acculturation?
Cultural change is seen as a linear process from heritage culture to host culture
When are one-dimensional models mostly applicable?
- Immigrants are welcomed for economic or ideological reasons
- Immigrants form a small portion of the population
- Cultural distance between host and immigrant cultures is small
What is the melting pot ideology?
Immigrants choose their own acculturation in private but face pressure to blend into mainstream culture
What are the two main assumptions of multidimensional models of acculturation?
- Acculturation processes function in various domains
- Orientations towards home and host cultures are independent
What are the four acculturation strategies according to Berry’s classification?
- Integration
- Assimilation
- Separation
- Marginalization
What does the integration strategy emphasize?
Maintaining cultural identity while having positive relations with the host society
What is psychological reactance?
The tendency to act to re-establish freedom when it becomes limited or threatened
What does the contact hypothesis suggest?
Negative attitudes are caused by a lack of knowledge about another group
What is similarity-attraction theory?
We like others who are similar to us in attitudes or other characteristics
What does social identity theory posit?
Group membership is a key component of social identity, impacting self-image
What is ethnocentrism?
Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture
What are the two determinants of intergroup antagonism in the instrumental model of group conflict?
- Stress from limited resources
- Presence of a relevant outgroup
What is the common ingroup identity model?
Defining some people as part of the ingroup leads to similar treatment of ingroup members
What should be refined in further research regarding culture and identity?
The interchangeability of culture and identity can make literature on acculturation problematic
What are some common types of tested interventions?
- Enhancing contact between different groups
- Reducing unnecessary social categorization
- Acceptance of others’ identity
- Training of competencies
What is transnationalism?
Multiple ties and interactions linking people or institutions across national borders
What does creolization refer to?
The mixing of two or more formerly different cultures
What is pluralism?
A combination of cultural maintenance and contact with multiple cultural groups
