Chapter 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the applied behavioral science intervention approach?
It targets observable behaviors and alters behavioral antecedents and consequences to influence beneficial change.
Based on the scientific philosophy of B.F. Skinner.
What does Skinner’s ‘selection by consequences’ principle imply?
We do what we do because of the consequences that follow.
The most motivating consequences are the ‘soon’ and ‘certain’ ones.
Define antecedents in the context of behavior change.
Environmental stimuli that attempt to direct a target behavior through persuasion and/or announcing a consequence.
What is the three-term contingency in behavioral science?
Antecedent → Behavior → Consequence.
What are the components of education and training as an antecedent strategy?
Makes remote or unknown consequences more salient, adds role-playing and feedback.
Information alone is insufficient to change behavior.
What are prompts in behavioral interventions?
Verbal or written messages strategically delivered where the target behavior occurs.
List the conditions under which prompts are effective.
- The target behavior is clearly defined by the prompt
- The behavior is relatively easy to perform
- The message is displayed where the target behavior can be performed
- The message is stated politely.
What is countercontrol (or reactance)?
The tendency to rebel against a top-down request.
What does modeling involve in behavior change interventions?
Demonstrating specific target behaviors to relevant individuals.
What enhances the effectiveness of modeling?
When the model receives a rewarding consequence.
Define behavioral commitment in the context of behavior change.
Asking individuals to formally agree to change their behavior, creating a sense of obligation.
What are penalties in behavioral intervention strategies?
Negative consequences administered for undesirable behaviors.
How do rewards function in behavior change interventions?
They often produce dramatic increases in targeted behaviors and are typically preceded by incentives.
What can hinder performance in reward interventions?
Large incentives may cause individuals to ‘choke’ under pressure.
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases behavior through a consequence, while punishment decreases behavior through a consequence.
What is the effect of removing rewards on target behaviors?
Target behaviors tend to decrease once the rewards are removed.
What do feedback strategies involve?
Providing information to participants about the rate or consequences of their behaviors.
What is social proof in the context of behavior change?
Presenting the behavior of others as validation for a course of action.
Differentiate between descriptive norms and injunctive norms.
- Descriptive norms: what members of the social group typically do
- Injunctive norms: what the group approves or disapproves of.
What is the principle of authority in social influence?
People are more likely to comply with requests from authority figures.
Explain the principle of liking in social influence.
We are more likely to comply with requests from people we know and like.
What is the block-leader approach?
An intervention technique where community members are recruited to encourage participation.
Define the principle of reciprocity.
The norm that people should repay others for benefits received.
What is the ‘pay-what-you-want’ marketing technique?
Allows customers to pay a chosen price after using a product or service.
