Chapter 17 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does aberrant driving behavior refer to?
Driving behaviors that increase crash likelihood, categorized as violations, errors, and lapses
Aberrant driving behavior includes deliberate acts of rule violation, unintentional errors, and harmless lapses in attention or memory.
What are the three factors that account for the variation in aberrant driving behavior?
- Violations
- Errors
- Lapses
Which type of aberrant driving behavior is more predictive of crashes?
Violations
How is driving style defined?
The way drivers use their vehicles, specifically whether they adopt a safe or risky driving style
What are driving skills?
Basic and higher-order perceptual-motor skills and cognitive abilities needed to control a vehicle
What is sensation-seeking?
The desire for novel and diverse stimuli and experiences, despite associated risks
Which demographic is predominantly high in sensation-seeking?
Men and young people
What does trait aggression refer to?
A stable personality characteristic involving aggressive behaviors in various domains including driving
What induces state aggression?
Certain environments or situations, such as driving
What is optimism bias?
The belief that bad things will not happen to us
Define illusion of control.
The unrealistic belief that we are in control of a given situation
What is perceived risk in the context of driving?
One’s subjective feelings of risk at any moment while driving
What do risk models aim to understand?
The basic predictors behind risk-taking on the road and the interaction of perceived risk and actual risk
What does the Risk Homeostasis Theory (RHT) propose?
Drivers have a target level of risk they are willing to accept, influencing their behavior based on perceived risk
What is the Task Capability Interface Model focused on?
Describing the driving task and how task difficulty is inferred from task demands and driver capabilities
What are driving simulators used for?
Testing theories in a controlled setting without putting participants at risk
What do observational studies measure?
Driving performance and behavior in naturalistic settings
What is the purpose of enforcement in promoting safe driving behavior?
To increase compliance with traffic laws via identification of violations and application of sanctions
True or False: Punishment ensures that drivers will never continue risky driving.
False
What role does driver education and training play in promoting safe driving?
Enhancing knowledge and driving skills, but usually not sufficient for full interventions
What type of messages are used to promote safe driving behavior?
Persuasive messages via prints, the internet, posters, etc.
Fill in the blank: Tailored messages are more effective than _______ messages.
universal
