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Anatomy > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Body cavity

A

Mediastinum (a division of the thoracic cavity)

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2
Q

Protective membrane of the heart

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

Myocardium, epicardium, and endocardium

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4
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of the heart, surrounds and covers the entire surface of the heart, forms the inner part of the pericardium

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle, thickest layer of the heart

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle characteristics

A

Comprised of short, branching fibers that are striated and contain a single nucleus

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7
Q

Specialized organelles: intercalated discs

A

Contain both gap junctions and desmosomes. Purpose is to generate structural integrity and allow for synchronization of the heartbeat

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8
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer of the heart. Thin tissue that lines each inner chamber of the heart. Forms the AV valves.

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9
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

Left and right atria, left and right ventricles

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10
Q

Atria are heart chambers that

A

Receive the blood

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11
Q

Left atria

A

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

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12
Q

Right atria

A

Receives oxygen poor blood from the inferior vena cava

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13
Q

Ventricles are heart chambers that

A

Pump blood throughout the body

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14
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumps blood out through the aorta

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15
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps blood out the pulmonary artery to the lungs

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16
Q

Two types of heart valves

A

Atrioventricular (AV) and Semilunar (SI)

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17
Q

AV valves location

A

Between the atria and the ventricles

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18
Q

SI valves location

A

Between the ventricles and the arteries

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19
Q

Tricuspid valve function:

A

AV valve that sends blood from right atrium to right ventricle

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20
Q

Bicuspid valve function

A

AV valve that sends blood from left atrium to left ventricle

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21
Q

Pulmonary SI valve function

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A

Sends blood from right ventricle to pulmonary artery and into the lungs

22
Q

Aortic SI valve function

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A

Sends blood from left ventricle to aorta and through body

23
Q

4 major blood vessels

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A

Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, superior and inferior vena cava

24
Q

Pulmonary arteries

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A

Takes oxygen poor blood to the lungs

25
Pulmonary veins
Returns oxygen rich blood to the left atrium
26
Aorta (largest artery in the body)
Sends oxygen rich blood to the body tissues
27
Superior and inferior vena cava
Veins that return oxygen poor blood to the right atria
28
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries carry blood away from heart and veins carry blood to the heart
29
What body cavity is the heart located in?
Mediastinum (part of the thoracic cavity)
30
SA node function and location
Pacemaker, starts each heartbeat | Location: top of the right atrium
31
AV node function and location
Receives signal from SA node and passes the signal down the heart Location: bottom of the right near the septum
32
SA node conduction pathway
Directly results in the contraction of the atria, sends signal to the AV node
33
AV node conduction pathway
Slightly delays the SA node conduction signal to the bundle of his, delays to allow the atria to finish contracting, sends signal to the bundle of his
34
Bundle of His conduction pathway
Relays the AV node conduction signal to the Purkinje fibers
35
Purkinje fibers conduction pathway
Starts the contraction of the ventricles, contraction begins at the apex of the heart
36
Flow of heart conduction
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers
37
Why is the left ventricle larger than the right ventricle?
Left v pumps blood to the entire body and right v pumps blood only to the lungs
38
Normal blood pressure numbers
120/80 or lower
39
High blood pressure numbers
140/90 or higher
40
Systole
Top number: needs to be 120 or lower, it is the blood pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract
41
Diastole
The bottom number: needs to be around 80 or lower, it is the blood pressure that occurs when the ventricles relax
42
How long does the cardiac cycle last
1/8 second
43
Systole
Heart contraction
44
Diastole
Heart relaxation
45
Lub
Closure of the AV valves
46
Dup
Closure of the SI valves
47
4 phases of the cardiac cycle
Atrial systole Ventricle contraction Ventricle systole Ventricle diastole
48
Valves in phase 1
AV are open | SI are closed
49
Valves in phase 2
AV snap shut (lub sound of heartbeat) | SI valves closed
50
Phase 3 valves
AV are closed | SI are open
51
Valves in phase 4
AV are open | SI snap shut (dup sound of heartbeat)
52
AV valves
Go from atrium to ventricles

Anatomy (12 decks)

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