Chapter 13

Question 1

Body cavity

Answer 1

Thoracic

Question 2

Epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 3

Goblet cells

Answer 3

Secrete the mucus which retains moisture

Question 4

Cilia function

Answer 4

to pass the mucus along the membrane

Question 5

Organs of the respiratory system

Answer 5

1. Nasal cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Lungs
   Bronchi
   Bronchioles
   Alvioli

Question 6

Which two organs have different tissue?

Answer 6

Pharynx (stratified squamous) and the alvioli (simple squamous)

Question 7

Function of the nose

Answer 7

To warm and humidify the air through the production of mucus

Question 8

Mucus functions

Answer 8

Traps moisture

Filters bacteria and other foreign particles

Question 9

Fate of mucus in the nose

Answer 9

Contaminated mucus is then moved to the throat, swallowed, and digested

Question 10

Nasal cavity

Answer 10

Nostrils (openings into the cavity), nasal septum (perforated structure that divides the nasal cavity), and location of the olfactory receptors for smell

Question 11

Conchae

Answer 11

Projections of the lateral was of the nasal cavity. Function: increase surface area and turbulence to help warm and humidify the air

Question 12

Hard palate

Answer 12

Bone that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 13

Sinuses

Answer 13

System of connected cavities in the skull (location: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones)

Question 14

Functions of sinuses

Answer 14

1. Helps warm and humidify air, filtering
2. Enhances the voice
3. Lightens the skull

Question 15

3 sections of the pharynx (throat)

Answer 15

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 16

Larynx structure

Answer 16

Epiglottis, Adam’s apple, and glottis

Question 17

Epiglottis

Answer 17

Opening of the larynx made of elastic cartilage, functions like a lid

Question 18

Adam’s apple

Answer 18

Large section of hyaline cartilage referred to as thyroid cartilage

Question 19

Glottis

Answer 19

Slits that separate each vocal cord

Question 20

3 functions of the larynx

Answer 20

1. Speech
2. Prevent food from entering the trachea
3. Initiates cough reflex to expel foreign substances from trachea

Question 21

Trachea location

Answer 21

Inferior to larynx, branches into the bronchi

Question 22

Trachea structure

Answer 22

Hollow, flexible tube made of rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 23

Trachea function

Answer 23

1. Provides passageway for air to reach the lungs

2. Filters air and propels mucus to the throat and away from the lungs

Question 24

Bronchi

Answer 24

Formed as the trachea branches off into a left and right branch

Question 25

Visceral pleural layer

Answer 25

Located closest to the lungs

Question 26

Parietal pleural layer

Answer 26

Outermost membrane of the lungs

Question 27

Pleural space

Answer 27

Region between the visceral and parietal membrane

Question 28

Why is the pleural space important to respiration?

Answer 28

The pleural space maintains a negative pressure that allows the lungs to stay inflated between breaths

Question 29

Divisions of the lungs

Answer 29

Left lung contains 2 lobes (superior and inferior) and right lung contains 3 lobes (superior, medial, and inferior)

Question 30

Bronchioles

Answer 30

Smaller divisions of the bronchi

Question 31

Alveoli

Answer 31

The air sacs that form off of the bronchioles. Location for gas exchange with atmosphere. (Each surrounded by a capillary bed)

Question 32

Why are the alveoli such important structures in the lungs?

Answer 32

The only place gas exchange occurs with atmospheric air

Question 33

Cells found in the alveoli

Answer 33

Cuboidal cells function: to produce a lipid called surfactant

Question 34

Importance of surfactant

Answer 34

Lowers the surface tension in the lungs and keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths

Question 35

Macrophages

Answer 35

Immune system cells that patrol the lungs and destroy pathogens

Question 36

4 phases of the respiratory cycle

Answer 36

1. Pulmonary Ventilation 2. External Respiration 3. Respiratory gas transport 4. Internal Respiration

Question 37

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 37

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs (breathing)

Question 38

Inspiration

Answer 38

Movement of air INTO the lungs

Question 39

Expiration

Answer 39

Movement of air OUT of the lungs

Question 40

Muscles involved in Respiration

Answer 40

1. Diaphragm | 2. Intercostals of the rib cage

Question 41

External Respiration

Answer 41

Gas exchange inside the lungs (occurs due to concentration differences)

Question 42

Oxygen transport

Answer 42

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and attaches to hemoglobin forming oxyhemoglobin

Question 43

Carbon dioxide transport

Answer 43

Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood and is converted into a bicarbonate ion

Question 44

What type of cartilage forms the epiglottis?

Answer 44

Elastic cartilage

Question 45

What type of cartilage forms the other 8 laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 45

Hyaline cartilage

Question 46

Smallest conduction respiratory passageways

Answer 46

Bronchioles

Question 47

Separates the oral and nasal cavities

Answer 47

Palate

Question 48

Food passageway posterior to the trachea

Answer 48

Esophagus

Question 49

Closes off the larynx during swallowing

Answer 49

Epiglottis

Question 50

Windpipe

Answer 50

Trachea

Question 51

Actual site of gas exchanges

Answer 51

Alveoli

Question 52

Pleural layer covering the thorax walls

Answer 52

Parietal pleura

Question 53

Pleural layer covering the lungs

Answer 53

Visceral pleura

Question 54

Opening between vocal folds

Answer 54

Glottis

Question 55

Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface area

Answer 55

Conchae

Question 56

Vibrate with expired air

Answer 56

Vocal cords