Chapter 11 Flashcards
(42 cards)
social psychology
the branch of psychology that studies the effects of how individuals affect each other
social context
the combination of people, the activities and interactions among the people, the setting, and the expectations/social norms
situationism
the view that environmental conditions may influence a peoples behaviors as much as or more than personal dispositions do under certain circumstances
dispositionism
a psychological orientation the focuses primarily on the inner characteristics of an individual, such as personality, values, character, and genetic makeup
social role
a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a setting or a group
social norms
a group’s expectations of what is appropriate and acceptable for it’s members
script
knowledge about the sequence of events and actions that is expected in a particular setting
chameleon effect
the tendency to mimic other people
asch effect
a form of conformity in which a group majority may influence individual judgments of ambiguous stimuli
conformity
the tendency of people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, or opinions of others in the group
autokinetic effect
Muzafir Sherif’s idea of the perceived motion of a stationary dot of light in a totally dark room
social neuroscience
an area of research that uses methodologies from brain sciences to investigate various types of social behavior, such as stereotyping in prejudice, attitudes, self-control, and emotional regulation
groupthink
the term for poor judgments and bad decisions made by members of groups that are overly influenced by perceived group consensus or the leaders point of view
cohesiveness
solidarity, loyalty, and a sense of group membership
heroes
people whose actions help others in emergencies or challenge unjust corrupt systems without any reward or any thought for themselves
bystander intervention problem
laboratory and field study analogues of the difficulties faced by bystanders in real emergency situations
diffusion of responsibility
dilution or weakening of each group member’s obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared by all group members or accepted by the leader
in-group
the group with which an individual identifies
out-group
those outside the group of which an individual identifies
social reality
an individual’s subjective interpretation of other people and of one’s relationship with them
reward theory of attraction
a social learning view that predicts that we like best when given more reward at minimum cost
principle of proximity
the notion that people will make friends with people who are closer to them than with those who are farther away (next door compared to two doors down)
similarity principle
the notion that people are attracted to people most similar to themselves
self-disclosure
the sharing of personal information to another as a way of building trust
