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CISA-2110 Server Hardware > Chapter 11: Drives > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Drives Flashcards

1
Q

Write through writes information to the disk before what?

A

The OS is notified that the write was successful

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2
Q

SAS uses what legacy storage protocol?

A

SCSI

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2
Q

In NAS technology, what keeps track of where files are located?

A

The NAS device’s operating system

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3
Q

In the Fibre Channel model what is layer 0?

A

Physical

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4
Q

The sixth step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Head reads servo track and waits for data to rotate underneath the head.

Servo track allows accurate tracking

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5
Q

For a 15,000rpm drive, how long is the rotational latency?

A

2ms

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6
Q

Linear movement of the head is called?

A

Seek

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6
Q

The third step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Disk array controller executes I/O commands

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7
Q

Platter assembly mounted on a _______ that revolves around an axis

A

spindle

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8
Q

iSCSI allows SCSI access over what?

A

TCP/IP

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9
Q

SCSI is limited to how many drives?

A

14

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10
Q

What feature found in SCSI improves data integrity?

A

Cyclic redundancy checking

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11
Q

Seek time is the time to get what?

A

A Track

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11
Q

As a rule of thumb, doubling the number of drives will increase your throughput by how much?

A

50%

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12
Q

The platters in hard disk drives are coated with what?

A

Magnetic Material

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12
Q

The second step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

OS generates an interrupt

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12
Q

The tenth step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Controller communicates a completion to the device driver

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12
Q

In NAS technology, what issues disk I/O requests?

A

The NAS device’s operating system

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14
Q

The time required for the disk to transfer requested data is called what?

A

Transfer Rate

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15
Q

SAS usually has how many lanes?

A

4

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16
Q

EIDE cables are typically what length?

A

18 inches

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16
Q

On a consumer grade disk, the seek operation usually takes how long?

A

7-10ms

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17
Q

LBA stands for what?

A

Logical Block Address

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17
Q

iSCSI uses what medium?

A

Gigabit Ethernet

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18
Q

PATA operates at what voltage?

A

5v

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19
Q

The ninth step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

PCI data is transferred into the server main memory

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20
Q

If data is stored on 10% of the disk surface then the disk has how much stroke?

A

10%

21
Q

The first step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Logical Block Address (LBA) is given for a read command by the OS

22
Q

Drive failure puts system in what state?

A

Critical

23
Q

In the Fibre Channel model what is layer 2?

A

Signaling and Framing

24
Q

What are the two disk cache modes?

A

Write through and Write Back

26
Q

The eighth step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Controller initiates a DMA operation

27
Q

The maximum distance of a fibre channel link is?

A

10Km

29
Q

In terms of Hard Disk Drives, Latency is what?

A

The time for data to move under the head

30
Q

In NAS technology, all I/O operations use what?

A

File-level protocols

30
Q

How do RAID controller hold data in cache in the case of a power failure for years?

A

A battery

30
Q

In the Fibre Channel model what is layer 4?

A

Mapping

31
Q

Disk Fragmentation occurs when files are not?

A

Contiguous

33
Q

SATA operates at what voltage?

A

250mv

35
Q

In the context of SATA 3, what is the purpose of the Backplane?

A

Interconnects of hot-swap racks

37
Q

On a high end disk, the seek operation usually takes how long?

A

3-5ms

38
Q

The fundamental disk subsystem has two components

A

The Hard Disk & The Controller

39
Q

The Active Data set size is measured by what?

A

Disk Stroke

40
Q

The seventh step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Read data is transferred to a buffer from the read head

42
Q

The two types of disk connectivity are?

A

Parallel & Serial

42
Q

The TRIM function is triggered when?

A

Emptying the Recycle Bin or Formatting the Drive

44
Q

For a 10,000rpm drive, how long is the rotational latency?

A

3ms

45
Q

Both EIDE and SCSI use what type of connectivity?

A

Parallel

46
Q

SAS supports up to what speed per lane?

A

3Gbps each way

47
Q

SATA 3 provides speed up to?

A

600Mbps

48
Q

For a 7,200rpm drive, how long is the rotational latency?

A

4ms

49
Q

The fourth step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Command sent to target drive

50
Q

what is layer 1?

A

In the Fibre Channel model

52
Q

The most important advantage of SAS is?

A

Allows simultaneous processing of multiple I/O requests

54
Q

What three devices does a NAS consist of?

A

A server, Operating System, and Storage

55
Q

The fifth step in a disk array controller operation is?

A

Target drive processes command by moving head to the track where the data resides

56
Q

In the Fibre Channel model what is layer 3?

A

Common Services

58
Q

At a minimum there needs to be two wires for serial, what are they for?

A

One for sending and one for receiving

59
Q

The main problem with increasing Parallel bus speed is?

A

Increase in electromagnetic radiation or noise

60
Q

The OS “sees” SATA devices the same as?

A

PATA Remove Storage

61
Q

In the Fibre Channel model what is layer 1?

A

Transmission

62
Q

Storage Area Networks use what type of connections across the network?

A

Any-to-any

63
Q

The maximum data payload for a Fibre Channel frame is?

A

2112 bytes

64
Q

According to IBM, Fibre Channel has a max data rate of what?

A

4 GB/s

65
Q

According to IBM, the Fibre Channel link to the server can be either one of three speeds?

A

1Gbps, 2Gbps, or 3Gbps

CISA-2110 Server Hardware (13 decks)

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