Chapter 12

Question 1

Aden(o)

Answer 1

Gland

Question 2

Adrenal gland (CF)

Answer 2

Adren(o), adrenal(o)

Question 3

Mamm(o), mast(o)

Answer 3

Breast

Question 4

Pituitar(o), hypophys(o)

Answer 4

Pituitary gland

Question 5

Thyr(o), thyroid(o)

Answer 5

Thyroid

Question 6

Andr(o)

Answer 6

Male or masculine

Question 7

Sugar (CF)

Answer 7

Glyc(o), glycos(o)

Question 8

Insulin (CF)

Answer 8

Insulin(o)

Question 9

-crine

Answer 9

Secrete

Question 10

-tropic

Answer 10

Stimulating

Question 11

-tropin

Answer 11

That which stimulates

Question 12

Exocrine

Answer 12

Ducted secretions into a body surface, chemical secretions

Question 13

Endocrine

Answer 13

Ductless glands, secretions into bloodstream to act on a far away structure, hormone secretions

Question 14

Major glands of endocrine system

Answer 14

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, testes

Question 15

Anti diuretic hormone

Answer 15

Affects volume of water in blood

Question 16

Oxytocin

Answer 16

Released just before childbirth, uterine contractions, milk production

Question 17

Somatotropic hormone

Answer 17

Stimulates body growth

Question 18

Progesterone

Answer 18

Produced mainly by ovaries, regulates endometrium

Question 19

Testosterone

Answer 19

Regulates male fertility, muscle growth, and other features, present in smaller amounts in women

Question 20

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 20

Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxine (T4) and and triiodothyronine (T3) which regulate metabolism, temperature, growth, and calcium storage

Question 21

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 21

Increases blood calcium levels

Question 22

Brain and thyroid

Answer 22

Hypothalamus produces thyrotropin releasing hormone, activates TSH in pituitary gland, causes release of T3 and T4 by thyroid

Question 23

Parathyroid

Answer 23

Produces PTH which regulates calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D

Question 24

Glucagon

Answer 24

Increases blood glucose

Question 25

Insulin

Answer 25

Decreases blood glucose

Question 26

Endocrine Diagnostics

Answer 26

Palpation to feel for masses, blood tests to test for abnormal levels of hormones or fasting blood sugar to test for insulin sensitivity, urine tests for glucose and ketone bodies, MRI for tumors in hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 27

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 27

Increased metabolism, weight loss, rapid pulse, moist skin

Question 28

Exopthalmos

Answer 28

Hyperthyroidism with protrusion of eyes

Question 29

Grave’s disease

Answer 29

Immune system attacks thyroid making it overactive

Question 30

Cretinism

Answer 30

Insufficient T4 leading to arrested development

Question 31

Myxedema

Answer 31

Insufficient T4 and T3 leads to extreme swelling

Question 32

Hashimoto’s disease

Answer 32

Autoimmune disease that can cause hypothyroidism

Question 34

Hypothyroidism treatment

Answer 34

Synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine)

Question 35

Gynecomastia

Answer 35

Excessive growth of male mammary glands caused by excessive estrogen

Question 36

Hirsutism

Answer 36

Excessive hair growth

Question 37

Gigantism and dwarfism

Answer 37

Abnormal STH production

Question 38

Goiter

Answer 38

Enlarged thyroid

Question 39

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 39

Type 1- insulin deficiency Type 2 - insulin resistance

Question 40

Hyperthyroidism treatment

Answer 40

Surgery, radioactive materials, antihyperthyroid drugs